Frequency of reported IT dependence symptoms overall and by IT dependence
| Sample, N = 389 | + IT Dependence N = 88 | − IT Dependence N = 301 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mCAGE | ||||
| Cut down: have you tried to stop tanning, but still continue? | 65 (16.7) | 53 (60.2) | 12 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Annoyed: do you ever get annoyed when people tell you not to tan? | 179 (46.0) | 75 (85.2) | 104 (34.6) | <0.001 |
| Guilty: do you ever feel guilty that you tan too much? | 130 (33.4) | 63 (71.6) | 67 (22.3) | <0.001 |
| Eye opener: when you wake up in the morning, do you want to tan? | 49 (12.6) | 35 (40.2) | 14 (4.7) | <0.001 |
| ≥2 CAGE Symptoms | 111 (28.5) | 88 (100) | 23 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| mDSM | ||||
| Tolerance: do you feel that you need to spend more time tanning in order to maintain your tan? | 169 (43.4) | 64 (72.7) | 105 (34.9) | <0.001 |
| Withdrawal: do you feel unattractive or anxious to tan if you do not maintain your tan? | 173 (44.7) | 68 (78.2) | 105 (34.9) | <0.001 |
| Should decrease/stop: do you think you should stop tanning or decrease the time you spend tanning? | 150 (38.6) | 61 (69.3) | 89 (29.6) | <0.001 |
| Unsuccessful quitting: have you tried to stop tanning, but still continue? | 64 (16.5) | 53 (60.9) | 11 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Missed obligations: have you ever missed a social engagement, work, school, or other recreational activities because you went tanning instead? | 34 (8.7) | 16 (18.2) | 18 (6.0) | <0.001 |
| Trouble at work or home: have you ever gotten into trouble at work, with family, or with friends due to tanning? | 22 (5.7) | 13 (14.8) | 9 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Tan despite knowing risks: Do you continue to tan despite knowing that it is bad for your skin? | 325 (83.6) | 86 (97.7) | 239 (79.4) | <0.001 |
| Tan despite personal/family history of skin cancer: have you ever had a skin cancer or do you have a first-degree relative (mother, father, sister, brother) who has had skin cancer? | 72 (18.6) | 17 (19.5) | 55 (18.3) | 0.799 |
| ≥3 mDSM Symptoms | 191 (49.1) | 88 (100) | 103 (34.2) | <0.001 |
| Positive Screen for IT Dependence | 88 (22.6) | 88 (100) | 0 (0) | n/a |
NOTE: Positive screen for IT dependence defined as ≥2 mCAGE and ≥3 mDSM symptoms endorsed. Cells display no. (%).
Abbreviations: mCAGE, modified CAGE; mDSM, modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV.