Stratification analysis: HRs for mortality of cancer per 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 in male and female subjects
| (i) Male | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects | Never smoker | Ever smoker | Interaction | |||||
| Causes of mortality | n | HR (95% CI) | P | n | HR (95% CI) | n | HR (95% CI) | P |
| All malignant | 2,043 | 1.31 (1.13–1.51) | <0.001 | 553 | 1.23 (0.90–1.67) | 1,490 | 1.33 (1.13–1.56) | 0.75 |
| All digestive organs | 791 | 1.29 (1.01–1.65) | 0.04 | 261 | 1.23 (0.83–1.83) | 530 | 1.32 (0.98–1.78) | 0.94 |
| Upper digestive tract | 176 | 1.46 (0.98–2.18) | 0.06 | 54 | 1.49 (0.79–2.81) | 122 | 1.44 (0.88–2.35) | 0.31 |
| Lower digestive tract | 311 | 1.21 (0.81–1.81) | 0.35 | 105 | 1.13 (0.61–2.07) | 206 | 1.23 (0.76–2.01) | 0.46 |
| Accessory organs | 298 | 1.28 (0.83–1.96) | 0.26 | 101 | 1.09 (0.55–2.18) | 197 | 1.37 (0.81–2.32) | 0.98 |
| Lung | 677 | 1.36 (1.05–1.77) | 0.02 | 100 | 1.19 (0.52–2.74) | 577 | 1.37 (1.05–1.78) | 0.41 |
| Male genital | 143 | 1.02 (0.51–2.04) | 0.96 | 64 | 0.75 (0.22–2.61) | 79 | 1.16 (0.49–2.78) | 0.86 |
| Urinary | 87 | 1.03 (0.48–2.24) | 0.93 | 22 | 0.41 (0.04–3.84) | 65 | 1.14 (0.56–2.35) | 0.23 |
| Lymphohematopoietic | 124 | 1.65 (0.93–2.94) | 0.09 | 49 | 0.97 (0.36–2.63) | 75 | 2.05 (1.05–4.02) | 0.59 |
| (ii) Female | ||||||||
| All subjects | Never smoker | Ever smoker | Interaction | |||||
| Causes of mortality | n | HR (95% CI) | P | n | HR (95% CI) | n | HR (95% CI) | P |
| All malignant | 2,488 | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | 0.02 | 2,047 | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 441 | 1.12 (0.82–1.52) | 0.38 |
| All digestive organs | 943 | 1.16 (0.96–1.41) | 0.13 | 821 | 1.17 (0.96–1.44) | 122 | 1.01 (0.59–1.71) | 0.26 |
| Upper digestive tract | 147 | 1.37 (0.91–2.05) | 0.13 | 127 | 1.35 (0.89–2.04) | 20 | 1.25 (0.36–4.27) | 0.52 |
| Lower digestive tract | 408 | 0.88 (0.64–1.23) | 0.46 | 354 | 0.91 (0.64–1.28) | 54 | 0.72 (0.26–2.02) | 0.63 |
| Accessory organs | 378 | 1.37 (1.05–1.80) | 0.02 | 332 | 1.36 (1.01–1.84) | 46 | 1.39 (0.79–2.45) | 0.58 |
| Lung | 731 | 0.99 (0.77–1.27) | 0.92 | 523 | 1.01 (0.76–1.36) | 208 | 0.95 (0.61–1.47) | 0.99 |
| Breast | 111 | 1.80 (1.26–2.55) | 0.001 | 99 | 1.66 (1.10–2.50) | 12 | 7.14 (2.01–25.4) | 0.10 |
| Female genital | 138 | 1.73 (1.17–2.54) | 0.006 | 126 | 1.65 (1.07–2.55) | 12 | 2.48 (1.09–5.61) | 0.53 |
| Urinary | 68 | 0.89 (0.45–1.79) | 0.75 | 53 | 1.03 (0.54–1.96) | 15 | 0.35 (0.03–4.18) | 0.30 |
| Lymphohematopoietic | 186 | 1.12 (0.62–2.02) | 0.70 | 161 | 1.17 (0.62–2.19) | 25 | 0.84 (0.26–2.75) | 0.99 |