Multivariate analyses of factors associated with prevalence, incidence, and clearance of any HPV, oncogenica, and nononcogenicb HPV infection in rural Chinese men, 2009–2013c
| Prevalence of HPV infection | Incidence of HPV infection | Clearance of HPV infection | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any HPV | Oncogenic HPV | Nononcogenic HPV | Any HPV | Oncogenic HPV | Nononcogenic HPV | Any HPV | Oncogenic HPV | Nononcogenic HPV | |
| Variable | Adjusted ORd (95% CI) | Adjusted ORd (95% CI) | Adjusted ORd (95% CI) | Adjusted HRd (95% CI) | Adjusted HRe (95% CI) | Adjusted HRd (95% CI) | Adjusted HRf (95% CI) | Adjusted HRf (95% CI) | Adjusted HRf (95% CI) |
| Age (y) | |||||||||
| ≤50 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| >50 | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.96 (0.61–1.53) | 0.90 (0.66–1.23) | 0.76 (0.56–1.05) | 1.24 (0.77–2.01) | 0.65 (0.47–0.91) | 1.23 (0.88–1.72) | 1.64 (0.99–2.72) | 1.04 (0.67–1.60) |
| Education level | |||||||||
| Primary school or below | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Junior middle school or above | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | 0.81 (0.56–1.18) | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) | 1.00 (0.66–1.53) | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 0.82 (0.59–1.12) | 0.89 (0.55–1.46) | 0.74 (0.49–1.12) |
| Type of job | |||||||||
| Farmer | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Worker in local area | 1.01 (0.77–1.34) | 1.05 (0.70–1.58) | 1.01 (0.74–1.37) | 0.94 (0.69–1.28) | 1.10 (0.69–1.75) | 1.07 (0.77–1.48) | 1.09 (0.79–1.51) | 0.87 (0.51–1.49) | 1.26 (0.82–1.93) |
| Worker outside | 0.99 (0.74–1.31) | 0.72 (0.47–1.12) | 1.13 (0.82–1.55) | 0.94 (0.69–1.29) | 1.11 (0.68–1.80) | 0.89 (0.62–1.26) | 0.82 (0.55–1.22) | 1.40 (0.77–2.53) | 0.66 (0.39–1.10) |
| Current smoker | |||||||||
| No | 1.0 | NA | 1.0 | 1.0 | NA | 1.0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Yes | 1.29 (1.04–1.60) | NA | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) | 1.28 (1.01–1.63) | NA | 1.32 (1.01–1.73) | NA | NA | NA |
| No. of lifetime sexual partners | |||||||||
| 0–1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | NA | NA | NA |
| ≥2 | 1.86 (1.40–2.46) | 2.00 (1.35–2.96) | 1.69 (1.24–2.30) | 1.57 (1.12–2.20) | 1.73 (1.06–2.81) | 1.50 (1.05–2.15) | NA | NA | NA |
| Bath frequency in winter (d) | |||||||||
| 1–7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 8–30 | 0.70 (0.55–0.87) | 0.53 (0.36–0.77) | 0.84 (0.65–1.08) | 0.80 (0.61–1.05) | 0.48 (0.32–0.73) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| >30 | 0.50 (0.35–0.71) | 0.43 (0.24–0.76) | 0.55 (0.37–0.83) | 0.80 (0.53–1.20) | 0.50 (0.26–0.94) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
NOTE: Variables with a significant level of 0.05 are shown in bold.
↵aOncogenic types in this study were 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68.
↵bNononcogenic types in this study were 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 37, 40, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55, 57, 61, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 75, 77, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 90, 91, and 94.
↵cBackward selection with a threshold of 0.1 was used to generate the final multivariate model. Age, education level, and type of job were included in all multivariate models as design factors.
↵dAll the listed variables remained in the final multivariate model.
↵eAll the listed variables and wash genitalia before sex remained in the final multivariate model.
↵fOnly age, education level, and type of job remained in the model.