Prevalence and extenta of inflammation assessed in benign prostate tissue from biopsy cores, prostate cancer cases overall and by grade and controlsb, placebo arm, and the PCPT
| Prostate cancer cases | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Total | Low-grade | High-grade | |
| N | 209 | 191 | 97 | 94 |
| At least one biopsy core with inflammation (%)c | 78.2 | 86.2e | 84.0 | 88.4e |
| Mean of the percentage of biopsy cores with inflammationc | 52.1 | 58.7 | 56.1 | 61.4e |
| Mean of the mean percentage of tissue area with inflammationd | ||||
| Overall | 11.5 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 10.9 |
| In men with at least one biopsy core with inflammation | 14.7 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 12.3 |
↵aFrom generalized linear models (linear for adjusted proportions and means, logistic for P values) adjusting for baseline age, family history of prostate cancer, and race.
↵bCases and controls were frequency matched on baseline age and family history of prostate cancer. All non-White controls were sampled. Cases were sampled from the placebo arm of the trial so that half were high grade (Gleason sum ≥7) and half were low grade (Gleason sum <7), and of these half were detected on a biopsy performed for an elevated PSA or an abnormal DRE (for-cause biopsy) and half were detected on a biopsy performed at the end of the trial per trial protocol (end-of-study biopsy). Controls were sampled from men who were negative for prostate cancer on the biopsy performed at the end of the trial per protocol.
↵cFor each man, the denominator is total number of biopsy cores evaluated.
↵dFor each man, the denominator is total benign tissue area across all biopsy cores evaluated on each of the slides of the man.
↵eP < 0.05 compared with controls.