Effects of exercise dose and type on psychosocial functioning in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy, Canada, 2008–2011
| Adjusted between group differences during follow-upa,b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline M (SD) | Adjusted mean follow-up scorea,b M (SE) | COMB vs. STAN M (95% CI); P | HIGH vs. STAN M (95% CI); P | HIGH vs. COMB M (95% CI); P | |
| Depression (0–30) | |||||
| STAN | 5.6 (3.9) | 6.8 (0.33) | −0.4 (+0.5 to −1.3); 0.36 | −0.9 (+0.0 to −1.8); 0.061 | −0.4 (+0.5 to −1.4); 0.34 |
| HIGH | 6.3 (5.1) | 5.9 (0.33) | — | — | — |
| COMB | 5.8 (5.0) | 6.4 (0.32) | — | — | — |
| Anxiety (10–40) | |||||
| STAN | 20.4 (6.6) | 18.4 (0.40) | −0.5 (+0.6 to −1.6); 0.35 | −1.0 (+0.1 to −2.1); 0.084 | −0.4 (+0.7 to −1.5); 0.43 |
| HIGH | 20.6 (5.9) | 17.4 (0.39) | — | — | — |
| COMB | 19.6 (7.3) | 17.9 (0.39) | — | — | — |
| Perceived stress (0–56) | |||||
| STAN | 20.4 (8.0) | 21.0 (0.6) | −0.7 (+0.9 to −2.3); 0.41 | +0.4 (+2.0 to −1.2); 0.59 | +1.1 (+2.7 to −0.5); 0.17 |
| HIGH | 19.4 (8.1) | 21.4 (0.6) | — | — | — |
| COMB | 19.2 (8.5) | 20.3 (0.6) | — | — | — |
| Self-esteem (10–40) | |||||
| STAN | 33.5 (4.3) | 34.8 (0.29) | −0.9 (−0.1 to −1.7); 0.033 | −0.3 (+0.5 to −1.1); 0.51 | +0.6 (−0.2 to +1.4); 0.14 |
| HIGH | 34.3 (5.2) | 34.5 (0.28) | — | — | — |
| COMB | 34.0 (5.2) | 33.9 (0.28) | — | — | — |
↵aFollow-up score is the average for midpoint #1, midpoint #2, and postintervention based on repeated measures analyses.
↵bAnalyses are adjusted for baseline value of the outcome, age, education, baseline exercise, comorbidities, body mass index, disease stage, surgery type, and chemotherapy protocol.