Associationa between inflammation assessed in benign prostate tissue from biopsy cores and prostate cancer risk, overall and by grade, placebo arm, and the PCPT
| Prostate cancer cases | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Low-grade | High-grade | |
| N | 191 | 97 | 94 |
| At least one biopsy core with inflammation | |||
| OR | 1.78 | 1.57 | 2.24 |
| 95% CI | 1.04–3.06 | 0.83–3.00 | 1.06–4.71 |
| Extent of biopsy cores with inflammationb | |||
| Zero cores | |||
| OR | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 95% CI | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Some cores | |||
| OR | 1.61 | 1.45 | 1.97 |
| 95% CI | 0.92–2.81 | 0.74–2.84 | 0.91–4.26 |
| All cores | |||
| OR | 2.19 | 1.87 | 2.83 |
| 95% CI | 1.18–4.06 | 0.88–3.94 | 1.24–6.44 |
| Ptrend | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 |
↵aFrom the logistic regression model adjusting for the matching factors baseline age and family history of prostate cancer, and for the oversampling of non-White controls. Cases and controls were frequency matched on baseline age and family history of prostate cancer. All non-White controls were sampled. Cases were sampled from the placebo arm of the trial so that half were high grade (Gleason sum ≥7) and half were low grade (Gleason sum <7), and of these half were detected on a biopsy performed for an elevated PSA or an abnormal DRE (for-cause biopsy) and half were detected on a biopsy performed at the end of the trial per trial protocol (end-of-study biopsy). Controls were sampled from men who were negative for prostate cancer on the biopsy performed at the end of the trial per protocol.
↵bA mean of three biopsy cores was assessed per man. Some cores with inflammation usually meant one or two, but not all three cores had inflammation present.