Characteristics of alcoholic cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma
| Variable | Total (n = 295) | No HCC (n = 170) | Early HCC (n = 58) | Advanced HCC (n = 67) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at inclusiona | 62 (55;71) | 59 (51;65) | 69 (61;74) | 69 (62;76.5) | <0.0001 |
| Gender (male)b | 253 (85.8) | 144 (84.7) | 47 (81.0) | 62 (92.5) | 0.13 |
| Diabetesb | 51 (17.3) | 30 (17.7) | 11 (19.0) | 10 (14.9) | 0.81 |
| Child-Pugh Ab | 163 (55.3) | 85 (50.0) | 49 (84.5) | 29 (43.3) | <0.0001 |
| Child-Pugh Bb | 85 (28.8) | 52 (30.6) | 8 (13.8) | 25 (37.3) | |
| Child-Pugh Cb | 47 (15.9) | 33 (19.4) | 1 (1.7) | 13 (19.4) | |
| AFP level (ng/mL)a | 4 (3;9) | 4 (3;10) | 4 (3.7.3) | 4 (3;7) | 0.66 |
| Albumin (g/dL)b | 36.7 (31.5;41.8) | 37 (31.0;42.2) | 39.5 (34.8;42.4) | 35.1 (31.6;39.3) | 0.022 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL)a | 1.2 (0.64;2.6) | 1.4 (0.64; 2.8) | 0.9 (0.61;1.6) | 1.5 (0.73;3.8) | 0.005 |
| AST (>2 ULN)a | 91/266 (34.2) | 53/148 (35.8) | 19/53 (35.8) | 19/65 (29.2) | 0.64 |
| ALT (>2 ULN)a | 33/266 (12.4) | 18/148 (12.2) | 8/53 (15.1) | 7/65 (10.8) | 0.77 |
| ALP(>2 ULN)a | 48/261 (18.4) | 25/144 (17.4) | 10/52 (19.2) | 13/65 (20.0) | 0.89 |
| GGT (>2 ULN)a | 188/253 (74.3) | 103/143 (72.5) | 34/47 (72.3) | 51/64 (79.7) | 0.54 |
| Platelet count (× 103/mm)a | 125.5 (84.8;171.2) | 126 (83;171) | 119 (89.5;170.5) | 133 (84.3;168.8) | 0.92 |
| Prothrombin timeb | 67 (53;80) | 65 (49.3;83.0) | 70 (60.8;79.3) | 68 (56.5;78.0) | 0.28 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L)b | 79 (66;95) | 77 (64.3;92.0) | 79 (71;93) | 89 (70;107.5) | 0.002 |
| Serum endocan (ng/mL)a | 4.6 (2.9;7.0) | 4.5 (2.3;6.6) | 4.2 (3.1;6.7) | 5.8 (3.5;7.9) | 0.018 |
| Serum syndecan-1 (ng/ml)a | 50.1 (26.4;103.2) | 38.5 (23.9;84.0) | 42.5 (25.7;58.0) | 145.1 (55.5;327.5) | <0.0001 |
| Serum glypican-3 (ng/ml)a | 2.5 (1.1;5.8) | 2.5 (1.2;6.7) | 1.4 (0.5;2.5) | 4.2 (2;9.1) | <0.0001 |
| Serum VEGF (pg/mL)a | 243 (133;448) | 222.5 (110.8;368.8) | 254 (143.2;400.8) | 370 (173;660) | 0.0016 |
| Tumor portal thrombosisb | 0 (0) | 24/55 (43.6) | <0.0001 | ||
| Tumor number > 1b | 9/56 (16.1) | 35/60 (58.3) | <0.0001 | ||
| Tumor size (mm)a | 27.5 (20; 4) | 60 (30;80) | <0.0001 | ||
| BCLC stage 0b | 13 (22.4) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 | ||
| BCLC stage Ab | 45 (77.6) | 0 (0) | <0.0001 | ||
| BCLC stage Bb | 0 (0) | 33 (49.2) | <0.0001 | ||
| BCLC stage Cb | 0 (0) | 15 (22.4) | <0.0001 | ||
| BCLC stage Db | 0 (0) | 19 (28.4) | <0.0001 |
NOTE: The Fisher exact or χ2 test was used for binary variables and the Wilcoxon or Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ULN: upper limit of normal.