Table 1.

Descriptive characteristics of participants with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations at Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) Study baseline (1997–2000) and follow-up (2002–2005; n = 672)

Age at visit (y), mean ± SD65.7 ± 6.7
Race/Ethnicity, n (%)
 Caucasian663 (98.7)
 African American4 (0.6)
 American Indian/Alaskan Native4 (0.6)
 Asian/Pacific Islander1 (0.2)
Education level, n (%)
 Some high school11 (1.6)
 High school diploma/GEDa121 (18.0)
 School after high school211 (31.4)
 College degree or higher321 (47.8)
 N Missing8 (1.2)
Smoking status, n (%)
 Current14 (2.1)
 Former288 (42.9)
 Never370 (55.1)
Hormone therapy use, n (% any use)b344 (51.2)
BMI (kg/m2)c, mean ± SD26.6 ± 4.9
Physical activity (METd–h/wk), mean ± SD14.5 ± 14.4

  • ↵aGeneral Equivalency Diploma.

  • ↵bCurrent use of estrogen and/or progestin.

  • ↵cKilograms/meters2.

  • ↵dMetabolic equivalents task.