A summary of studies on the association between pickled vegetables/foods and risk of gastric cancer
| No. | First author; publication year [literaturea] | Study place (period) | Case no./control no. or cohort size | Studied exposure; Ref. Cat.b | Study design and name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case–control studies | |||||
| 1 | Acheson, ED; 1964 [E] (14) | UK: Radcliffe, Middlesex, Balham (NR) | 100/200 | Pic. food; N | H-B CCS |
| 2 | Crane, PS; 1970 [E] (15) | Korea, rural area (1962–1968) | 170/170 | Pic. veg.; N | H-B CCS |
| 3 | Haenszel, W; 1972 [E] (16) | US: Hawaii (1963–1969) | 220/440 | Several Pic. veg.; N | H-B CCS |
| 4 | Haenszel, W; 1976 [E] (17) | Japan: Miyagi (1962–1965) | 276/545 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 5 | Kono, S; 1988 [E] (18) | Japan: Karatsu (1979–1982) | 139/2,574 | Pic. green veg. and Pic. radish; L | H-B CCS |
| 6 | You, WC; 1988 [E] (19) | China: Linqu (1984–1986) | 566/1,132 | Salted veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 7 | Kato, I; 1990 [E] (20) | Japan: Aichi (1985–1989) | 427/3,014 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 8 | Lee, HH; 1990 [E] (21) | Taiwan: Taipei (NR) | 210/810 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 9 | Hoshiyama, Y; 1992 [E] (22) | Japan: Saitama (1984–1990) | 294/294 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 10 | Ji, BT; 1992 [C] (23) | China: Shanghai (1988–1989) | 1,197/1,451 | Pic. food; N | P-B CCS |
| 11 | Lee, JK; 1995 [E] (24) | Korea: Seoul (1990–1991) | 213/213 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 12 | Shi, Y; 1997 [E] (25) | China: Yangzhong (1987–1990) | 110/125 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 13 | Watabe, K; 1998 [E] (26) | Japan: Hokkaido (1996–1997) | 242/484 | Pic. veg.; L | P-B CCS |
| 14 | Ye, WM; 1998 [E] (27) | China: Changle and Fuqing (1994–1995) | 272/544 | Salted veg.; L | P-B CCS |
| 15 | Chen, JS; 1999 [C] (28) | China: Changle (1995) | 100/200 | Pic. food; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 16 | Wang, MR; 1999 [C] (29) | China: Yangzhong (1994–1995) | 141/141c | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 17 | Huang, XE; 2000 [E] (30) | Japan: Aichi (1988–1995) | 1,111/26,996 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 18 | Cui, L; 2001 [C] (31) | China: Jiangyan (1999–2000) | 210/210 | Pic. food; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 19 | Takezaki, T; 2001 [E] (32) | China: Pizhou (1995–2000) | 187/333 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 20 | Zheng, ZL; 2001 [C] (33) | China: Fuzhou (2000) | 178/97 c | Pic. food; L | H-B CCS |
| 21 | Chen, JS; 2002 [C] (34) | China: Changle (1999) | 310/310 | Pic. veg.; N | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 22 | Hamada, GS; 2002 [E] (35) | Brazil: Sao Paulo (1991–1994) | 96/192 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 23 | Kim, HJ; 2002 [E] (36) | Korea: Hanyang and Hallim (1997–1998) | 136/136 | Salted veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 24 | Sriamporn, S; 2002 [E] (37) | Thailand: Khon Kaen Province (1996–1997) | 106/223 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 25 | Takezaki, T; 2002 [E] (38) | China: Huaian (1999–2000) | 101/196 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 26 | Bao, PP; 2003 [C] (39) | China: Shanghai (1999) | 311/1,579 | Pic. veg. Pic. food; L | P-B CCS |
| 27 | Cai, L; 2003 [E] (40) | China: Fuzhou (2000–2001) | 381/222 c | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 28 | Chen, K; 2003 [C] (41) | China: Zhoushan (2001) | 138/133 | Pic. food; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 29 | Fei, SJ; 2003 [C] (42) | China: Shanghai (2001–2003) | 189/567 | Pic. food; L | H-B CCS |
| 30 | Ito, LS; 2003 [E] (43) | Japan: Aichi (1988–1998) | 508/36,490 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 31 | Lee, SA; 2003 [E] (44) | Korea: Seoul (1999) | 69/199 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 32 | Li, YM; 2003 [C] (45) | China: Wuwei (2001–2002) | 494/988 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 33 | Zhou, JN; 2003 [C] (46) | China: Huai'an (1997–2000) | 144/227 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 34 | Zhou, XJ; 2003 [C] (47) | China: Nanchang (1999–2000) | 250/250 | Pic. food; L | H-B CCS |
| 35 | Li, L; 2004 [C] (48) | China: Chengde (2002–2003) | 118/118 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 36 | Lissowska, J; 2004 [E] (49) | Poland: Warsaw (1994–1996) | 274/463 | Pic. and salted veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 37 | Machida-Montani, A; 2004 [E] (50) | Japan: Nagano (1998–2002) | 122/235 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 38 | Li, H; 2005 [E] (51) | China: Jinan (1998–2000) | 102/62 | Pic. veg.; N | H-B CCS |
| 39 | Nan, HM; 2005 [E] (52) | Korea: Chungbuk and Eulji (1997–2003) | 421/632 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 40 | Strumylaitė, L; 2006 [E] (53) | Lithuania (2002–2004) | 379/1,137 | Pic. veg.; N | H-B CCS |
| 41 | Zhang, J; 2006 [C] (54) | China: Nanjing (2003–2004) | 121/121 | Pic. food; L | H-B CCS |
| 42 | Xiao, JR; 2007 [C] (55) | China: Fuzhou (2002–2004) | 97/77 | Pic. food; L | H-B CCS |
| 43 | Xu, MG; 2008 [C] (56) | China: Changshu (2005–2006) | 202/202 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 44 | Chi, Y; 2009 [C] (57) | China: Chuzhou (2005–2006) | 112/112 | Pic. food; L | P-B CCS |
| 45 | Li, L; 2009 [C] (58) | China: Xuzhou (2006–2007) | 200/200 | Pic. food; L | H-B CCS |
| 46 | Sumathi, B; 2009 [E] (59) | India: Chennai (2002–2006) | 89/89 | Salted pickles; L | H-B CCS |
| 47 | Tang, XF; 2009 [C] (60) | China: Linxian and Lanzhou (2007–2008) | 100/105 | Pic. veg.; L | CCS: H-B cases, P-B controls |
| 48 | Zhang, YW; 2009 [E] (61) | Korea: Cheongju (2000–2005) | 471/471 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 49 | Lazarevic, K; 2010 [E] (62) | Serbia: Nis (2005–2006) | 102/204 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B CCS |
| 50 | Zhao, DL; 2011 [C] (63) | China: Cixian, Shexian, Linxian, Feicheng and Zhuanghe (2008-NR) d | 250/750 | Pic. food; L | P-B CCS |
| Prospective studies | |||||
| 51 | Nomura, A; 1990 [E] (64) | US: Hawaiian island of Oahu (1965–1986) | 150/7,838 | Pickles; L | P-B cohort |
| 52 | Inoue, M; 1996 [E] (65) | Japan: Aichi (1985–1995) | 69/5,373 | Pic. veg.; L | H-B cohort |
| 53 | Xu, Z; 1996 [E] (66) | China: Anshan (1989–1993) | 293/959 | Pic. veg.; N | Nested CCS |
| 54 | Botterweck, AA; 1998 [E] (67) | Netherlands: country wide (1986–1992) | 265/2,953 | Pic. veg.; N | P-B cohort; the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer |
| 55 | Galanis, DJ; 1998 [E] (68) | US: Hawaii (1975–1994) | 108/11,907 | Pic. veg.; N | P-B cohort |
| 56 | Ngoan, LT; 2002 [E] (69) | Japan: Fukuoka (1986–1999) | 62/13,250 | Pic. food; L | P-B cohort |
| 57 | Khan, MMH; 2004 [E] (70) | Japan: Hokkaido (1984–2002) | 36/3,158 | Pic. veg.; L | P-B cohort |
| 58 | Tsugane, S; 2004 [E] (71) | Japan: Akita, Iwate, Nagano, and Okinawa (1990–2001) | 486/39,065 | Pic. veg.; L | P-B cohort; the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) Study |
| 59 | Tokui, N; 2005 [E] (72) | Japan: 52 cities, towns and villages (1988–1999) | 771/110,792 | Pickles; L | P-B cohort; the Japan Collaborative Cohort study (JACC) Study |
| 60 | Tran, GD; 2005 [E] (73) | China: Linxian (1986–2001) | 1,452/29,584 c | Pic. veg.; N | P-B cohort; the Linxian General Population Trial |
Abbreviations: CCS, case–control study; H-B, hospital-based; NR, not reported; Pic., pickled; P-B, population-based; Ref. Cat., reference category; veg., vegetable.