Selected baseline characteristics (medians or percents) of the 1,000 controls by quintilea of fasting serum 25(OH)D, the ATBC Study
| Characteristic | Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 58.0 | 57.0 | 57.0 | 58.0 | 58.0 |
| Height, cm | 173.0 | 173.0 | 173.0 | 174.0 | 173.0 |
| Weight, kg | 76.1 | 76.2 | 77.8 | 78.8 | 77.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.7 | 25.3 | 26.0 | 26.1 | 25.9 |
| Cigarettes per day | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| No. of years of smoking | 38.0 | 37.0 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 37.0 |
| History of diabetes, % | 2.0 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 2.0 | 5.0 |
| History of BPH, % | 5.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 3.0 |
| Family history of prostate cancer,b % | 2.5 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 1.5 |
| Leisure activity, moderate and heavy, % | 50.8 | 51.5 | 64.5 | 63.5 | 65.3 |
| Vitamin D supplement use, % | 2.5 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 11.6 |
| Calcium supplement use, % | 6.5 | 8.0 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 15.6 |
| Energy intake,c kcal/d | 2,648 | 2,829 | 2,653 | 2,700 | 2,504 |
| Dietary vitamin D intake,c μg/d | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 5.9 |
| Dietary calcium intake,c mg/d | 1,446 | 1,409 | 1,357 | 1,404 | 1,347 |
| Dietary fat intake,c g/d | 119 | 124 | 118 | 124 | 111 |
| Fruit consumption,c g/d | 100 | 98 | 120 | 124 | 123 |
| Vegetable consumption,c g/d | 87 | 94 | 103 | 104 | 117 |
| Ethanol consumption,c g/d | 7.7 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 11.9 |
| Serum α-tocopherol, mg/L | 11.3 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 11.7 |
| Serum retinol, μg/L | 544 | 552 | 583 | 580 | 592 |
| Serum β-carotene, μg/L | 180 | 186 | 168 | 190 | 192 |
| Serum total cholesterol, mmol/L | 6.45 | 6.32 | 6.25 | 6.33 | 5.98 |
| Serum 25(OH) vitamin D, nmol/L | 14.2 | 22.6 | 31.2 | 43.9 | 63.6 |
Abbreviation: BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia.
aCutoff points for season-specific quintiles were Q1 ≤16.3, Q2 >16.3 and ≤23.8, Q3 >23.8 and ≤33.3, Q4 >33.3 and ≤45.6, Q5 >45.6 nmol/L for the less sunny months; Q1 ≤25.9, Q2 >25.9 and ≤35.7, Q3 >35.7 and ≤48.3, Q4 >48.3 and ≤59.9, Q5 >59.9 nmol/L for sunnier months.
bFamily history data available for 76% of cases and controls.
cDietary data available for 93% of cases and controls