Selected baseline characteristics of prostate cancer cases and controls, the ATBC Study
| Characteristic | Median (25%–75%) or % | |
|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 1,000) | Controls (n = 1,000) | |
| Age, y | 57.0 (54.0–62.0) | 57.0 (54.0–62.0) |
| Height, cm | 174.0 (170.0–178.0) | 173.0 (169.0–177.0) |
| Weight, kg | 77.9 (70.9–86.9) | 77.3 (70.0–85.3) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.0 (23.9–28.5) | 25.8 (23.6–28.2) |
| Cigarettes per day | 20.0 (15.0–25.0) | 20.0 (15.0–25.0) |
| Years of smoking | 36.5 (30.0–42.0) | 37.0 (31.0–42.0) |
| History of BPH, % | 5.2 | 4.0 |
| History of diabetes, % | 2.3 | 3.8 |
| Family history of prostate cancer,a % | 5.2 | 2.9b |
| Leisure activity, moderate and heavy (%) | 60.4 | 59.1 |
| Vitamin D supplement use, % | 7.8 | 6.5 |
| Calcium supplement use, % | 11.6 | 10.7 |
| Energy intake,c kcal/d | 2,612 (2,178–3,156) | 2,636 (2,156–3,090) |
| Dietary vitamin D intake,c μg/d | 4.7 (3.2–6.8) | 4.7 (3.4–6.5) |
| Dietary calcium intake,c mg/d | 1,335 (1,003–1,725) | 1,335 (989–1,708) |
| Dietary fat intake,c g/d | 118 (96–147) | 119 (95–146) |
| Ethanol consumption,c g/d | 10.7 (2.3–24.3) | 9.2 (1.7–22.9) |
| Serum α-tocopherol, mg/L | 11.4 (9.8–13.4) | 11.6 (10.1–13.6)d |
| Serum retinol, μg/L | 589 (513–671) | 570 (499–662)d |
| Serum β-carotene, μg/L | 180 (121–270) | 184 (123–286) |
| Serum total cholesterol, mmol/L | 6.21 (5.43–6.93) | 6.27 (5.53–7.07) |
| Serum 25(OH) vitamin D, nmol/L | 34.5 (22.7–50.0) | 33.6 (21.4–49.1) |
Abbreviation: BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia.
aFamily history data available for 76% of cases and controls.
bP ≤ 0.01 by χ2 test. All statistical tests are 2-sided.
cDietary data available for 93% of cases and controls.
dP ≤ 0.05 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test.