Table 2

NSAID use in cases of pancreatic cancer (n = 504), stomach cancer (n = 254), esophageal cancer (n = 215), gallbladder cancer (n = 125), liver cancer (n = 51), and controls (n = 5952)

Group	Total	NSAID use^a
				Never used	Regular use initiated ≥1 year previously			Nonregular use
				Never used		Continuing^b	Discontinued^c	Nonregular use
Controls	5833	2339	403	88	3003
Pancreas	491	207	41	7	236
OR^d		1.0^e	0.8	0.6	1.0
95% CI			0.5–1.1	0.3–1.5	0.8–1.3
Stomach	250	123	8	3	116
OR		1.0^e	0.3	0.6	0.7
95% CI			0.1–0.6	0.2–1.8	0.5–0.9
Esophagus	207	93	19	8	87
OR		1.0^e	0.8	2.1	0.9
95% CI			0.5–1.4	0.9–4.8	0.6–1.2
Gallbladder	125	57	9	1	58
OR		1.0^e	0.5		0.9
95% CI			0.3–1.1		0.6–1.3
Liver	49	15	4	0	30
OR		1.0^e	0.9		1.6
95% CI			0.3–2.9		0.8–3.1

^a Analysis excludes 22 total cases and 102 controls who initiated regular use within 1 year of admission and 5 total cases and 17 controls with unknown NSAID use.
^b Use continuing into the year before admission.
^c Use discontinued at least 1 year before admission.
^d Adjusted for age, sex, interview year, center, race, religion, cigarettes, family history of digestive cancer, education, and alcohol consumption.
^e Reference category.