Published studies of the association between organochlorine compounds and breast cancer
| Study a | Year (place) | No. of cases/ controls | Mean concentrations (SD) | OR by categories | Ptrend | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Controls | 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (highest) | ||||||||||||||
| A. Published studies of the association between DDT compounds and breast cancer | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Case-Control | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adipose Tissue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Davies (10) | 1975 | 29/29 | 5.4 ppm | 7.1 ppm | ||||||||||||||||
| Wasserman (11) | 1976 (Brazil) | 9/5 | 2.7 ppm | 6.7 ppm | ||||||||||||||||
| Unger (12) | 1982 (Denmark) | 14/21 | 1.2 (0.63) ppm | 1.2 (0.8) ppm | ||||||||||||||||
| Mussalo-Rauhamaa (13) | 1985–86 (Finland) | 41/33 | 0.96 (0.6) mg/kg | 0.98 (0.9) mg/kg | ||||||||||||||||
| Falck (14) | 1987 (United States) | 20/20 | 1877 (1283) ng/g c | 1174 (630) ng/g c | ||||||||||||||||
| van’t Veer (15) | 1991–92 (Europe) | 265/341 | 1.35 μg/g | 1.51 μg/g | 1.0 | 1.14 | 0.71 | 0.48 | 0.02 | |||||||||||
| Dewailly (16) | 1991–92 (Canada) | 20/17 | ER−b 0.6 (0.3) μg/g | 0.7 (0.5) μg/g | ||||||||||||||||
| ER+ 2.1 (2.0) μg/g | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Serum | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Wolff (17) | 1985–91 (United States) | 58/171 | 11.0 (9.1) ppb | 7.7 (6.8) ppb | 1.0 | 1.67 | 4.37 | 2.31 | 3.68 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
| Schechter (18) | 1994 (Vietnam) | 21/21 | 12.2 (2.4) ng/ml | 16.8 (4.1) ng/ml | 1.0 | 0.45 | 1.14 | |||||||||||||
| Lopez-Carillo (19) | 1994–96 | 141/141 | 562.5 (676.2) ng/g c | 505.5 (567.2) ng/g c | 1.0 | 0.60 | 0.76 | |||||||||||||
| Moysich (20) | 1986–91 | 154/192 | 11.5 (10.5) ng/g c | 10.8 (10.6) ng/g | 1.0 | 1.01 | 1.34 | 0.25 | ||||||||||||
| Prospective studies, nested case-control | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Serum | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Krieger (21) | 1964–71 (United States) | 150/150 | 43.3 (25.9) ppb | 43.1 (23.7) ppb | 1.0 | 1.31 | 1.26 | 0.43 | ||||||||||||
| Hunter (22) | 1989–90 (United States) | 240/240 | 6.01 (4.56) ppb c | 6.97 (5.99) ppb c | 1.0 | 0.88 | 0.56 | 0.73 | 0.66 | 0.22 | ||||||||||
| Hoyer (23) | 1976 (Denmark) | 240/477 | NA | 1.0 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.65 | ||||||||||||
| B. Published studies of the association between PCBs and breast cancer | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Case-Control | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Adipose Tissue | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Wasserman (11) | 1976 (Brazil) | 9/5 | 9.1 ppm | 3.0 ppm | ||||||||||||||||
| Unger (12) | 1982 (Denmark) | 14/21 | 3.9 (1.0) ppm | 3.9 (1.3) ppm | ||||||||||||||||
| 18/35 | 6.47 ± 2.35 | 5.1 (2.4) ppm | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mussalo-Rauhamaa (13) | 1985–86 (Finland) | 20/20 | 1.1 (0.6) mg/kg | 1.3 (0.8) mg/kg | ||||||||||||||||
| Falck (14) | 1987 (United States) | 41/33 | 1669 (894) ng/g | 1105 (424) ng/g | ||||||||||||||||
| Dewailly (16) | 1991–92 (Canada) | 20/17 | ER− 0.3 (0.7) μg/g | 04 (0.2) μg/g | ||||||||||||||||
| ER+ 0.4 (0.1) μg/g | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Serum | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Wolff (17) | 1985–91 (United States) | 58/171 | 8.0 ± 4.1 ppb | 6.7 ± 2.9 ppb | 1.0 | 5.18 | 7.02 | 4.10 | 4.35 | 0.16 | ||||||||||
| Moysich (20) | 1986–91 | 154/192 | 4.3 (2.4) mg/g c | 4.1 (2.2) mg/g | 1.0 | 0.70 | 1.14 | 0.51 | ||||||||||||
| Prospective studies, nested case-control | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Serum | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Krieger (21) | 1964–71 (United States) | 150/150 | 4.4 (1.8) ppb | 4.8 (2.5) ppb | 1.0 | 1.17 | 0.94 | 0.55 | 0.59 | 0.9 | ||||||||||
| Hunter (22) | 1989–90 (United States) | 240/240 | 5.1 (2.5) ppb c | 5.2 (2.3) ppb | 1.0 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.26 | ||||||||||||
| Hoyer (23) | 1976 (Denmark) | 240/477 | NA | 1.0 | 0.92 | 0.78 | 1.11 | 0.77 | ||||||||||||
a Number in parentheses cites reference.
b ER−, estrogen receptor negative; ER+, estrogen receptor positive; NA, not available.
c Lipid-adjusted.