Summary characteristics of the studies selected
| Author, year | Study Period | Country | Age, y | Study design | Case | No. of case | HBV/HCV markers | Smoking definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For HBV analysis | ||||||||
| Hassan, 2008 (18) | 2000-2006 | U.S. | All ages | Case-control | Incident | 319 | HBsAg, anti-HBc | ≥100 cigarettes lifetime |
| Jee, 2004 (17) | 1993-2002 | Korea | 30-95 | Cohort | Mortality | 3,807 | HBsAg | Ever-smoker |
| Wang, 2003 (10) | 1991-2000 | Taiwan | 30-65 | Cohort | Incident | 115 | HBsAg | 4 d/wk for a year |
| Mori, 2000 (16) | 1992-1997 | Japan | 30+ | Cohort | Incident | 22 | HBsAg | ≥100 cigarettes lifetime |
| Goritsas, 1995 (44) | 1989-1992 | Greece | All ages | Case-control | Incident/Prevalent | 51 | HBsAg | Ever-smoker |
| Tzonou, 1991 (45) | 1976-1984 | Greece | All ages | Case-control | Incident/Prevalent | 185 | HBsAg | Smoker or stopped smoking for <3 y |
| Chen, 1991 (42) | 1985-1987 | Taiwan | All ages | Case-control | Incident | 200 | HBsAg, HBeAg | Ever-smoker |
| Tu, 1985 (14) | 1980-1982 | China | 40+ | Cohort | Mortality | 70 | HBsAg, anti-HBc | Ever-smoker |
| Lam, 1982 (12) | 1977-1980 | Hong Kong | All ages | Case-control | Incident/Prevalent | 107 | HBsAg | Ever-smoker |
| For HCV analysis | ||||||||
| Hassan, 2008 (18) | 2000-2006 | U.S. | All ages | Case-control | Incident | 319 | Third-generation anti-HCV | ≥100 cigarettes lifetime |
| Fujita, 2006 (20) | 1988-1999 | Japan | 40-79 | Nested case-control | Mortality | 94 | Anti-HCV | Ever smoker |
| Sun, 2003 (21) | 1991-2001 | Taiwan | 30-65 | Cohort | Incident | 112 | Second-generation anti-HCV | 4 d/wk for a year |
| Mori, 2000 (16) | 1992-1997 | Japan | 30+ | Cohort | Incident | 22 | Second-generation anti-HCV | ≥100 cigarettes lifetime |
| Yu, 1991 (19) | 1986-1987 | Taiwan | All ages | Case-control | Incident | 127 | Anti-HCV | Ever-smoker |
| Tzonou, 1991 (45) | 1976-1984 | Greece | All ages | Case-control | Incident/Prevalent | 185 | Anti-HCV | Ever-smoker |
| HBV or HCV not specified | ||||||||
| Franceschi, 2006 (46) | 1999-2002 | Italy | 41-84 | Case-control | Incident | 229 | HBsAg, anti-HCV | 1 cigarette per day for a year |
| Yuan, 2004 (25) | 1984-2001 | U.S. | 18-74 | Case-control | Incident | 295 | HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV | Smoker or stopped smoking for <10 y |
| HBV- and HCV- | ||||||||
| Wang, 2009 (27) | 1996-2004 | Taiwan | 35+ | Cohort | Incident | 111 | HBsAg, anti-HCV | Smoker or stopped smoking for <6 mo |
| Chen, 2008 (26) | 1991-2004 | Taiwan | 30-65 | Cohort | Incident | 291 | HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HCV | 4d/wk for a year |
| Yuan, 2004 (25) | 1984-2001 | U.S. | 18-74 | Case-control | Incident | 295 | HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV | Smoker or stopped smoking for <10 y |