Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases and controls
| Variable | Cases (n = 1,143) | Controls (n = 1,097) | P* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (cases) or study entry (controls) in y (±SD) | 65.5 (±10.7) | 65.6 (±10.8) | 0.79 | |||
| Age <60 y | 329 (29%) | 297 (27%) | 0.37 | |||
| Male | 668 (58%) | 557 (51%) | <0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic whites† | 1,143 (100%) | 1,097 (100%) | ||||
| Ever-smoker | 682 (60%) | 505 (46%) | ||||
| Smoking status | <0.001 | |||||
| Never-smoker‡ | 455 (40%) | 592 (54%) | ||||
| Former smoker | 527 (47%) | 458 (42%) | ||||
| Current smoker | 148 (13%) | 41 (4%) | ||||
| Missing | 13 | 6 | ||||
| Years smoked (±SD) | 22.4 (±16.9) | 18.2 (±14.0) | <0.001 | |||
| Pack-years smoked (±SD) | 17.0 (±23.0) | 9.3 (±17.2) | <0.001 | |||
| BMI in kg/m2 (±SD) | 27.8 (±5.5) | 27.2 (±4.7) | 0.010 | |||
| Region | <0.001 | |||||
| MN, IA, or WI (Tristate) | 579 (51%) | 748 (68%) | ||||
| North or South Dakota | 94 (8%) | 40 (4%) | ||||
| Other USA | 448 (39%) | 308 (28%) | ||||
| Other country | 22 (2%) | 1 (0%) | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus (DM) | <0.001 | |||||
| No | 801 (70%) | 1,008 (92%) | ||||
| Yes | 342 (30%) | 89 (8%) | ||||
| DM (>2 y before pancreatic cancer dx) | 224 | 0 | ||||
| Pancreas cancer stage at enrollment | ||||||
| Resectable | 328 (29%) | 0 | ||||
| Locally advanced | 379 (33%) | 0 | ||||
| Metastatic | 430 (38%) | 0 | ||||
| NOS | 6 (1%) | 0 | ||||
| Family history of pancreatic cancer (first-degree) | 79 (7%) | 43 (4%) | 0.002 | |||