Characteristics of LACE cohort at study entry by outcome
| Recurrence* | Deceased, breast cancer | Deceased, all causes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 1,745) | Yes (n = 225) | P† | No (n = 1,868) | Yes (n = 102) | P† | No (n = 1,783) | Yes (n = 187) | P† | |||||||
| Person-years of follow-up | 601 | 9,788 | - | 345 | 10,478 | - | 697 | 10,125 | - | ||||||
| Age at enrollment, mean y (SD) | 60.6 (10.8) | 60.4 (10.9) | 0.80 | 60.4 (10.8) | 62.5 (10.7) | 0.06 | 60.0 (10.7) | 65.3 (10.5) | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Race, n (%) | 0.93 | 0.57 | 0.77 | ||||||||||||
| White | 1,421 (81.5) | 184 (81.8) | 1,524 (81.7) | 81 (79.4) | 1,451 (81.5) | 154 (82.4) | |||||||||
| Other | 322 (18.5) | 41 (18.2) | 342 (18.3) | 21(20.6) | 330 (18.5) | 33 (17.6) | |||||||||
| Education, n (%) | 0.87 | 0.27 | 0.0003 | ||||||||||||
| High school graduate or less | 464 (26.7) | 63 (28.0) | 494 (26.5) | 33 (32.4) | 459 (25.8) | 68 (36.4) | |||||||||
| Some college | 646 (37.1) | 84 (37.3) | 691 (37.1) | 39 (38.2) | 655 (36.8) | 75 (40.1) | |||||||||
| College graduate or more | 631 (36.2) | 78 (34.7) | 679 (36.4) | 30 (29.4) | 665 (37.4) | 44 (23.5) | |||||||||
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.27 | 0.38 | 0.0003 | ||||||||||||
| Never | 940 (54.2) | 112 (49.8) | 1,003 (54.0) | 49 (48.0) | 973 (54.9) | 79 (42.3) | |||||||||
| Past | 676 (39.0) | 92 (40.9) | 725 (39.0) | 43 (42.2) | 684 (38.6) | 84 (44.9) | |||||||||
| Current | 119 (6.8) | 21 (9.3) | 130 (7.0) | 10 (9.8) | 116 (6.5) | 24 (12.8) | |||||||||
| BMI at enrollment, mean kg/m2 (SD) | 27.4 (5.8) | 27.9 (6.1) | 0.31 | 27.4 (5.8) | 28.3 (6.1) | 0.14 | 27.3 (5.7) | 28.6 (6.5) | 0.01 | ||||||
| Weight at 18 y, mean lbs (SD) | 120.8 (17.0) | 123.7 (17.6) | 0.02 | 120.9 (16.9) | 125.6 (19.2) | 0.02 | 120.8 (17.0) | 123.9 (17.9) | 0.03 | ||||||
| Menopausal status, n (%) | 0.76 | 0.51 | 0.0004 | ||||||||||||
| Postmenopausal | 1,139 (65.3) | 142 (63.1) | 1,211 (64.8) | 70 (68.6) | 1,136 (63.7) | 145 (77.5) | |||||||||
| Premenopausal | 370 (21.2) | 49 (21.8) | 402 (21.5) | 17 (16.7) | 398 (22.3) | 21 (11.2) | |||||||||
| Undetermined | 236 (13.5) | 34 (15.1) | 255 (13.7) | 15 (14.7) | 249 (14.0) | 21 (11.2) | |||||||||
| Family history of breast cancer, n (%) | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.69 | ||||||||||||
| No | 1,388 (79.6) | 179 (79.6) | 1,486 (79.6) | 81 (79.4) | 1,416 (79.5) | 151 (80.7) | |||||||||
| Yes | 355 (20.4) | 46 (20.4) | 380 (20.4) | 21 (20.6) | 365 (20.5) | 36 (19.3) | |||||||||
| Stage, n (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| I | 867 (49.8) | 73 (32.6) | 915 (49.1) | 25 (24.5) | 878 (49.3) | 62 (33.3) | |||||||||
| IIa | 582 (33.4) | 73 (32.6) | 623 (33.4) | 32 (31.4) | 593 (33.3) | 62 (33.3) | |||||||||
| IIb | 256 (14.7) | 58 (25.9) | 282 (15.1) | 32 (31.4) | 266 (14.9) | 48 (25.8) | |||||||||
| IIIa | 37 (2.1) | 20 (8.9) | 44 (2.4) | 13 (12.7) | 43 (2.4) | 14 (7.5) | |||||||||
| Type of surgery, n (%) | 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.01 | ||||||||||||
| Conserving | 902 (51.7) | 91 (40.4) | 953 (51.0) | 40 (39.2) | 915 (51.3) | 78 (41.7) | |||||||||
| Mastectomy | 842 (48.3) | 134 (59.6) | 914 (49.0) | 62 (60.8) | 867 (48.7) | 109 (58.3) | |||||||||
| Chemotherapy, n (%) | <0.0001 | 0.01 | 0.62 | ||||||||||||
| No | 786 (45.4) | 70 (31.5) | 825 (44.5) | 31 (31.3) | 773 (43.7) | 83 (45.6) | |||||||||
| Yes | 944 (54.6) | 152 (68.5) | 1,028 (55.5) | 68 (68.7) | 997 (56.3) | 99 (54.4) | |||||||||
| Radiation therapy, n (%) | 0.33 | 0.06 | 0.38 | ||||||||||||
| No | 639 (37.5) | 75 (34.1) | 686 (37.6) | 28 (28.3) | 653 (37.4) | 61 (34.1) | |||||||||
| Yes | 1,066 (62.5) | 145 (65.9) | 1,140 (62.4) | 71 (71.7) | 1,093 (62.6) | 118 (65.9) | |||||||||
| Number of positive nodes, n (%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||||||||||
| Node negative | 1,097 (66.9) | 90 (43.7) | 1,154 (66.0) | 33 (34.0) | 1,105 (66.2) | 82 (46.1) | |||||||||
| 1-3 | 409 (24.9) | 60 (29.1) | 435 (24.9) | 34 (35.1) | 418 (25.1) | 51 (28.6) | |||||||||
| ≥3 | 134 (8.2) | 56 (27.2) | 160 (9.1) | 30 (30.9) | 145 (8.7) | 45 (25.3) | |||||||||
| Tamoxifen use, n (%) | 0.31 | 0.79 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||
| No | 389 (22.3) | 57 (25.3) | 424 (22.7) | 22 (21.6) | 413 (23.2) | 33 (17.6) | |||||||||
| Yes | 1,356 (77.7) | 168 (74.7) | 1,444 (77.3) | 80 (78.4) | 1,370 (76.8) | 154 (82.4) | |||||||||
| ER/PR receptor status, n (%) | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||
| ER+, PR+ | 1,196 (69.4) | 131 (59.8) | 1,268 (68.8) | 59 (59.6) | 1,212 (68.9) | 115 (62.8) | |||||||||
| ER+, PR− | 239 (13.9) | 36 (16.4) | 256 (13.9) | 19 (19.2) | 238 (13.5) | 37 (20.2) | |||||||||
| ER−, PR+ | 27 (1.6) | 8 (3.7) | 31 (1.7) | 4 (4.0) | 29 (1.7) | 6 (3.3) | |||||||||
| ER−, PR− | 260 (15.1) | 44 (20.1) | 288 (15.6) | 17 (17.2) | 279 (15.9) | 25 (13.7) | |||||||||
| Time from diagnosis to enrollment, mean y (SD) | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 0.54 | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 0.87 | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.5) | 0.50 | ||||||
Abbreviations: ER+, estrogen receptor positive; ER−, estrogen receptor negative; PR+, progesterone receptor positive; PR−, progesterone receptor negative.
↵* Recurrence includes local, regional, or distant recurrence or metastasis or death from breast cancer if no recurrence was previously reported.
↵† P value for t test for difference in means, or χ2 test for difference in proportions between women with and without the event.