Baseline characteristics of the ATBC Study according to quintiles of energy-adjusted total flavonoid consumption (n = 27,111, means or proportions)
| Characteristic* | Quintiles of energy-adjusted total flavonoid consumption (mg/d) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤6.45 | >6.45-9.14 | >9.14-12.8 | >12.8-22.9 | >22.9 | ||||||
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Age at randomization (y) | 57.1 | 57.4 | 57.1 | 57.1 | 57.1 | |||||
| Secondary school education† (%) | 13.1 | 16.9 | 20.7 | 26.8 | 31.1 | |||||
| Lifestyle behaviors | ||||||||||
| Years smoked | 37.0 | 36.3 | 35.9 | 35.2 | 35.2 | |||||
| Cigarettes smoked per day | 22.3 | 20.9 | 20.1 | 19.6 | 19.2 | |||||
| History of diabetes mellitus (%) | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.5 | |||||
| Family history of pancreatic cancer (%) | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.3 | |||||
| Mean duration of follow-up (y) | 13.3 | 13.5 | 13.8 | 14.0 | 14.0 | |||||
| Mean daily nutrient intake | ||||||||||
| Calories (kcal) | 2,937 | 2,518 | 2,587 | 2,683 | 2,717 | |||||
| Total fat (g) | 127 | 125 | 123 | 121 | 120 | |||||
| Saturated fat (g) | 57.3 | 54.0 | 52.0 | 50.3 | 49.2 | |||||
| Mean daily flavonoid intake | ||||||||||
| Flavonols (mg) | 3.94 | 6.22 | 8.07 | 10.9 | 19.4 | |||||
| Kaempferol (mg) | 0.145 | 0.315 | 0.501 | 1.04 | 4.79 | |||||
| Myricetin (mg) | 0.358 | 0.570 | 0.740 | 1.03 | 1.72 | |||||
| Quercetin (mg) | 3.44 | 5.34 | 6.83 | 8.83 | 12.9 | |||||
| Flavan-3-ol (mg) | 0.441 | 1.43 | 2.61 | 5.59 | 22.8 | |||||
| Catechin (mg) | 0.208 | 0.580 | 0.99 | 2.06 | 8.25 | |||||
| Epicatechin (mg) | 0.234 | 0.855 | 1.62 | 3.53 | 14.6 | |||||
| Flavones (mg) | 0.077 | 0.110 | 0.137 | 0.160 | 0.154 | |||||
| Apigenin (mg) | 0.052 | 0.072 | 0.089 | 0.101 | 0.097 | |||||
| Luteolin (mg) | 0.025 | 0.038 | 0.048 | 0.059 | 0.057 | |||||
| Mean daily flavonoid-rich food intake | ||||||||||
| Fruits (g) | 55.4 | 98.1 | 138 | 183 | 170 | |||||
| Apples (g) | 5.92 | 17.2 | 31.1 | 48.3 | 42.9 | |||||
| Berries (g) | 14.8 | 28.5 | 39.9 | 51.8 | 46.2 | |||||
| Citrus fruits (g) | 19.3 | 28.5 | 37.1 | 43.8 | 42.2 | |||||
| Fruit juices (g) | 32.4 | 75.6 | 97.9 | 123 | 116 | |||||
| Wine (g) | 4.21 | 6.11 | 10.0 | 17.5 | 17.4 | |||||
| Vegetables (g) | 235 | 282 | 309 | 326 | 314 | |||||
| Beans (g) | 0.16 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.80 | 0.90 | |||||
| Cabbage (g) | 0.78 | 1.37 | 2.11 | 2.88 | 2.92 | |||||
| Onions (g) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.30 | 1.02 | |||||
| Tea (g) | −1.06 | 3.40 | 9.76 | 41.1 | 314 | |||||