Table 3.

Relationship between phytoestrogens and plasma sex hormones and SHBG levels

	Isoflavones					Equol*					O-DMA
		β (95% CI)	η_p² (%)	P	β (95% CI)	η_p² (%)	P	β (95% CI)	η_p² (%)	P	β (95% CI)	η_p² (%)	P
Estradiol	0.010 (−0.008, 0.028)	0.1	0.267	0.050 (0.005, 0.094)	0.3	0.028	0.035 (0.008, 0.061)	0.3	0.010	0.001 (−0.021, 0.023)	0.0	0.946
Estrone	0.003 (−0.019, 0.025)	0.0	0.777	0.037 (−0.016, 0.090)	0.2	0.167	0.002 (−0.031, 0.035)	0.0	0.906	−0.021 (−0.047, 0.005)	0.2	0.107
Testosterone	0.004 (−0.016, 0.025)	0.0	0.674	0.032 (−0.019, 0.082)	0.1	0.219	−0.002 (−0.032, 0.028)	0.0	0.912	−0.026 (−0.052, −0.001)	0.2	0.042
Androstenedione	−0.006 (0.027, 0.016)	0.0	0.601	0.028 (−0.022, 0.079)	0.1	0.271	-0.001 (−0.032, 0.031)	0.0	0.961	0.003 (−0.022, 0.028)	0.0	0.815
SHBG	0.011 (−0.004, 0.026)	0.1	0.149	−0.016 (−0.053, 0.020)	0.0	0.379	0.004 (−0.018, 0.026)	0.0	0.707	0.045 (0.027, 0.063)	1.2	<0.001
Estradiol/SHBG	0.000 (−0.023, 0.023)	0.0	0.991	0.062 (0.005, 0.119)	0.2	0.032	0.032 (−0.002, 0.066)	0.2	0.066	−0.043 (−0.072, −0.015)	0.5	0.003
Testosterone/SHBG	−0.006 (−0.031, 0.018)	0.0	0.614	0.047 (−0.013, 0.108)	0.1	0.124	−0.004 (−0.040, 0.033)	0.0	0.848	−0.064 (−0.094, −0.034)	1.0	<0.001

NOTE: ANCOVA adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, time of day at venipuncture, and time interval between last meal and venipuncture. η_p² is partial η², which represents the proportion of variance explained by the particular variable after accounting for potential confounders.
↵* Results shown are for the inverse transformation of equol. Hence, where a β coefficient is positive, it indicates a negative association between urinary equol and the particular sex hormone and vice versa.