Daily vitamin D intake from food sources alone and the risk of pancreatic cancer in the HPFS and NHS cohorts
| Daily vitamin D intake from foods alone (IU) | Ptrend | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <100 | 100-199 | 200-299 | ≥300 | |||||||
| HPFS (1986-2000) | ||||||||||
| No. cases | 17 | 37 | 20 | 18 | ||||||
| Person-years | 55,731 | 132,961 | 86,859 | 70,250 | ||||||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.78 (0.44-1.39) | 0.56 (0.29-1.08) | 0.58 (0.30-1.13) | 0.09 | |||||
| Multivariate RR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.44-1.40) | 0.57 (0.30-1.09) | 0.58 (0.29-1.13) | 0.08 | |||||
| NHS (1984-2000) | ||||||||||
| No. cases | 24 | 45 | 26 | 12 | ||||||
| Person-years | 171,338 | 308,937 | 164,567 | 80,280 | ||||||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.57-1.53) | 0.92 (0.53-1.60) | 0.80 (0.40-1.60) | 0.54 | |||||
| Multivariate RR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.57-1.55) | 0.91 (0.52-1.59) | 0.80 (0.40-1.60) | 0.52 | |||||
| Pooled RRs | ||||||||||
| No. cases | 41 | 82 | 46 | 30 | ||||||
| Person-years | 227,069 | 441,898 | 251,426 | 150,530 | ||||||
| Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.59-1.26) | 0.74 (0.49-1.14) | 0.67 (0.42-1.09) | 0.10 | |||||
| Multivariate RR* (95% CI) | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.60-1.27) | 0.74 (0.49-1.14) | 0.67 (0.41-1.09) | 0.09 | |||||
NOTE: Analysis of nutrients from food sources excludes participants who reported the use of multivitamin supplements and those for whom information about multivitamin supplement use was missing. All RRs were adjusted for age (1-year intervals), time period (2-year intervals), and total energy intake (kcal).
↵* Multivariate RRs additionally adjusted for cigarette smoking (current, former, never), history of diabetes (ever, never), body mass index (cutpoints: 23.0, 25.0, 27.0, 30.0), height (quintiles), region of residence (south, north), and parity (among women).