Table 2.

RR and 95% CI of prostate cancer in relation to total calcium intake in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2002)

	Total calcium (mg/d)							P_trend
		<500	500-749	750-999	1,000-1,499	1,500-1,999	≥2,000	P_trend
Total prostate cancer
All cases
Cases	183	1072	1099	898	207	85
RR (95% CI)	0.98 (0.84-1.15)	1	1.07 (0.98-1.16)	1.03 (0.94-1.12)	1.06 (0.91-1.23)	1.28 (1.02-1.60)	0.10
Excluding men using calcium supplements <5 y
Cases	182	1040	1016	743	155	57
RR (95% CI)	0.98 (0.84-1.15)	1	1.09 (1.00-1.18)	1.03 (0.94-1.14)	1.10 (0.93-1.31)	1.28 (0.97-1.67)	0.09
Limited to men with a PSA test (1992-2002)
Cases	114	745	820	673	144	41
RR (95% CI)	1.05 (0.86-1.28)	1	1.08 (0.98-1.20)	1.05 (0.95-1.17)	1.06 (0.88-1.27)	1.01 (0.73-1.38)	0.65
Nonadvanced prostate cancer
All cases
Cases	152	915	952	769	170	63
RR (95% CI)	0.98 (0.83-1.17)	1	1.07 (0.98-1.17)	1.02 (0.92-1.12)	1.01 (0.86-1.20)	1.13 (0.88-1.47)	0.55
Excluding men using calcium supplements < 5 y
Cases	151	888	879	632	125	38
RR (95% CI)	0.98 (0.82-1.17)	1	1.09 (0.99-1.20)	1.02 (0.92-1.13)	1.03 (0.85-1.24)	1.02 (0.73-1.4)	0.80
Limited to men with a PSA test (1992-2002)
Cases	109	674	741	611	131	32
RR (95% CI)	1.11 (0.91-1.37)	1	1.08 (0.97-1.20)	1.06 (0.95-1.18)	1.07 (0.88-1.29)	0.87 (0.61-1.25)	0.95
Advanced prostate cancer
All cases
Cases	31	157	147	129	37	22
RR (95% CI)	0.99 (0.67-1.46)	1	1.02 (0.81-1.28)	1.05 (0.83-1.33)	1.36 (0.94-1.95)	2.02 (1.28-3.19)	0.005
Excluding men using calcium supplements <5 y
Cases	31	152	137	111	30	19
RR (95% CI)	1.01 (0.68-1.49)	1	1.06 (0.84-1.33)	1.12 (0.87-1.43)	1.60 (1.07-2.38)	2.60 (1.60-4.23)	0.0003
Limited to men with a PSA test (1992-2002)
Cases	5	71	79	62	13	9
RR (95% CI)	0.48 (0.19-1.19)	1	1.09 (0.79-1.51)	1.03 (0.72-1.45)	1.03 (0.57-1.88)	2.21 (1.09-4.50)	0.09
Fatal prostate cancer
All cases
Cases	21	94	81	76	26	14
RR (95% CI)	1.05 (0.65-1.69)	1	0.95 (0.70-1.28)	1.04 (0.77-1.42)	1.56 (1.00-2.43)	2.02 (1.14-3.58)	0.01
Excluding men using calcium supplements <5 y
Cases	21	94	76	63	22	12
RR (95% CI)	1.03 (0.64-1.66)	1	0.97 (0.71-1.31)	1.04 (0.75-1.44)	1.87 (1.17-3.01)	2.43 (1.32-4.48)	0.003
Limited to men with a PSA test (1992-2002)
Cases	2	31	34	25	5	5
RR (95% CI)	0.45 (0.11-1.90)	1	1.05 (0.79-1.51)	0.89 (0.64-1.72)	0.82 (0.52-1.53)	2.55 (0.96-6.76)	0.34

NOTE: Multivariable RR controlled for age, time period, body mass index at age 21, vigorous physical activity, height, cigarette pack-years in the previous 10 years, family history of prostate cancer, history of diabetes mellitus, race, and intake of total calories, red meat, fish, α-linolenic acid, zinc supplements, and tomato sauce.