Total cotinine and total NNAL in the urine of Moldovan children with different reported exposures
Group | No. children | Mean ± SD | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In the group | Cotinine detected | NNAL detected | Cotinine, ng/mL* | NNAL, pmol/mL | ||||
All | 80 | 77 | 69 | 16 ± 20 | 0.09 ± 0.077 | |||
No exposure reported | 22 | 20 | 15 | 7.5 ± 7.0 | 0.049 ± 0.016 | |||
Exposure reported | 58 | 57 | 54 | 19 ± 22 | 0.1 ± 0.083 | |||
At home | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4.6 ± 5.8 | 0.061 ± 0.036 | |||
Other† | 20 | 20 | 20 | 11 ± 7.9 | 0.073 ± 0.031 | |||
Both | 31 | 31 | 28 | 27 ± 28 | 0.13 ± 0.1 |