ORs and 95% CIs for the association of selective nondietary variables with the risk of ovarian cancer, Hawaii and Los Angeles, 1993-1999
| Variable | Cases (n = 558), n (%) | Controls (n = 607), n (%) | OR* (95% CI) | P for trend† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Center | ||||||||
| Hawaii | 200 (35.8) | 283 (46.6) | ||||||
| Los Angeles | 358 (64.2) | 324 (53.4) | ||||||
| Age (y)‡ | ||||||||
| <45 | 130 (23.3) | 149 (24.5) | ||||||
| 45-54 | 160 (28.7) | 171 (28.2) | ||||||
| 55-64 | 117 (21.0) | 98 (16.1) | ||||||
| ≥65 | 151 (27.1) | 189 (31.1) | ||||||
| Ethnicity‡ | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 258 (46.2) | 266 (43.8) | ||||||
| Asian | 206 (37.2) | 254 (41.8) | ||||||
| Other | 94 (16.6) | 87 (14.3) | ||||||
| Education (y) | ||||||||
| <13 | 189 (33.9) | 163 (26.8) | 1§ (—) | |||||
| 13-14 | 194 (34.8) | 214 (35.2) | 0.75 (0.55-1.02) | |||||
| 15 | 113 (20.2) | 150 (24.7) | 0.63 (0.41-0.96) | |||||
| ≥16 | 62 (11.1) | 80 (13.2) | 0.59 (0.41-0.83) | 0.002 | ||||
| No. full term pregnancies | ||||||||
| 0 | 159 (28.5) | 107 (17.6) | 1§ (—) | |||||
| 1 | 77 (13.8) | 90 (14.8) | 0.60 (0.41-0.89) | |||||
| 2 | 139 (24.9) | 179 (29.5) | 0.60 (0.42-0.84) | |||||
| ≥3 | 183 (32.8) | 231 (38.1) | 0.53 (0.37-0.75) | 0.002 | ||||
| Oral contraceptive pill use (y) | ||||||||
| 0 | 320 (57.3) | 269 (44.3) | 1§ (—) | |||||
| 0.1-1.8 | 93 (16.7) | 99 (16.3) | 0.74 (0.51-1.08) | |||||
| 1.9-5.3 | 82 (14.7) | 110 (18.1) | 0.61 (0.42-0.88) | |||||
| ≥5.4 | 63 (11.3) | 129 (21.2) | 0.36 (0.24-0.54) | <0.0001 | ||||
| History of tubal ligation | ||||||||
| No | 490 (87.8) | 487 (80.2) | 1§ (—) | |||||
| Yes | 68 (12.2) | 120 (19.8) | 0.70 (0.50-0.99) | |||||
| Menopausal status | ||||||||
| Premenopausal | 217 (38.9) | 256 (42.2) | 1§ (—) | |||||
| Postmenopausal | 341 (61.1) | 351 (57.8) | 1.36 (0.93-1.99) | |||||
| Drinking status | ||||||||
| Nondrinker | 354 (63.6) | 369 (60.8) | 1§ (—) | |||||
| Drinker | 203 (36.4) | 238 (39.2) | 0.88 (0.67-1.66) | |||||
| Former drinker | 104 (18.6) | 95 (15.6) | 1.16 (0.82-1.64) | |||||
| Current drinker | 99 (17.7) | 143 (23.6) | 0.69 (0.50-0.96) | |||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 351 (62.9) | 367 (60.5) | 1§ (—) | |||||
| Smoker | 207 (37.1) | 240 (39.5) | 0.92 (0.72-1.19) | |||||
| Former smoker | 143 (18.6) | 161 (15.6) | 0.96 (0.72-1.27) | |||||
| Current smoker | 64 (17.7) | 79 (23.6) | 0.86 (0.59-1.25) | |||||
| Vitamin/mineral supplement use | ||||||||
| None | 210 (37.6) | 151 (24.9) | ||||||
| Multivitamin | 279 (50.0) | 387 (63.8) | ||||||
| Vitamin A or β-carotene | 68 (12.2) | 79 (13.0) | ||||||
| Vitamin C | 180 (32.2) | 212 (34.9) | ||||||
| Vitamin E | 151 (27.1) | 193 (31.8) | ||||||
↵* After adjustment by unconditional multiple logistic regression for age, ethnicity, study center, education, oral contraceptive pill use, parity, and tubal ligation (where appropriate).
↵† Based on the likelihood ratio test comparing models with and without a trend variable that was assigned the median for the categories.
↵‡ Cases and controls were frequency matched on these variables.
↵§ Reference category.