Mean age and age-standardized characteristics at time of blood draw (1989–1990) among incident colorectal cancer cases (n = 193) and their matched controls (n = 383) and by lowest and highest quintiles of plasma 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D among both cases and controls in the NHS
| Cases | Controls | 25(OH)D | 1,25(OH)2D | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | Quintile 1 | Quintile 5 | |||||||||
| Age, y | 60.0 | 60.0 | 60.1 | 60.2 | 60.8 | 60.8 | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.3 | 25.0 | 26.5 | 23.9* | 26.3 | 24.1* | ||||||
| Physical activity, met-hr/wk | 14.9 | 15.2 | 12.1 | 22.9* | 13.2 | 18.1† | ||||||
| UV light from the sun, langleys/d‡ | 348 | 346 | 340 | 357† | 352 | 355 | ||||||
| Dietary intakes per day | ||||||||||||
| Calcium,§ mg | 1,004 | 1,072 | 894 | 1,138* | 1,212 | 1,084† | ||||||
| Vitamin D,§ μg | 8.7 | 9.6 | 7.2 | 11.0* | 10.3 | 10.0 | ||||||
| Retinol,§ μg retinol equivalents | 2,086 | 2,221 | 2,058 | 2,285 | 2,107 | 2,186 | ||||||
| Folate,§ μg, | 402 | 415 | 373 | 454* | 408 | 411 | ||||||
| Methionine,§ g | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | ||||||
| Red meat, servings | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | ||||||
| Alcohol, g | 7.6 | 6.4 | 6.1 | 9.3† | 7.1 | 7.3 | ||||||
| Family history of colorectal cancer (%) | 18 | 15 | 12 | 22† | 18 | 19 | ||||||
| Calcium supplement user (%) | 36 | 39 | 25 | 42* | 47 | 34† | ||||||
| Multivitamin user (%) | 39 | 36 | 29 | 44† | 38 | 40 | ||||||
| Aspirin user for ≥10 y (%) | 9 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 15 | ||||||
| Postmenopausal (%) | 86 | 86 | 89 | 82 | 84 | 86 | ||||||
| HRT user∥ (%) | 29 | 37 | 21 | 49* | 29 | 46† | ||||||
| Past smoker (%) | 44 | 44 | 39 | 55† | 42 | 50 | ||||||
| Current smoker (%) | 14 | 13 | 18 | 9† | 13 | 11 | ||||||
| Pack-years of smoking¶ | 29 | 25 | 30 | 25 | 28 | 25 | ||||||
NOTE: Values are standardized to the age distribution among cases and controls. Controls were matched to cases on year of birth and month of blood draw.
↵* P < 0.01 for cases versus controls or for quintile 5 versus quintile 1.
↵† P < 0.05 for cases versus controls or for quintile 5 versus quintile 1.
↵‡ UV sunlight is average available at zip code of residence.
↵§ Nutrients include intakes from foods plus supplements.
↵∥ Percentage of women using HRT was calculated among postmenopausal women only.
↵¶ Pack-years were calculated among past and current smokers only.