Table 5

Adjusted^a regression coefficients based on regression of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3) on dietary nutrient densities, Singapore Chinese Health Study

Nutrient density	IGF-I ng/ml			IGFBP-3 ng/ml			Molar ratio (IGF-I:IGFBP-3)*1000
Nutrient density		β	P	β	P	β	P
Energy (kcal/day)^b	−5.714	0.41	−156.670	0.14	−1.750	0.73
Carbohydrates
Model 1^b^c	0.206	0.47	−0.674	0.88	0.160	0.44
Model 2^b^d	0.647	0.35	−1.572	0.88	0.808	0.11
Protein
Model 1^b^c	0.235	0.78	4.985	0.71	0.304	0.63
Model 2^b^d	1.837	0.18	8.898	0.67	1.723	0.09
Total fat
Model 1^b^c	−0.242	0.51	−0.243	0.97	−0.112	0.68
Model 2^b^d	−0.049	0.95	−4.735	0.70	0.570	0.60
Saturated fat
Model 1^b^c	−1.896	0.03	−27.114	0.04	−0.770	0.23
Model 3^b^e	−2.401	0.16	−71.762	0.007	0.263	0.83
Monounsaturated fat
Model 1^b^c	−0.846	0.39	−0.793	0.96	−0.577	0.42
Model 3^b^e	−0.914	0.69	46.730	0.18	−0.651	0.70
ω3-Polyunsaturated fat
Model 1^b^c	18.818	0.10	422.171	0.02	8.563	0.30
Model 3^b^e	21.937	0.18	618.224	0.01	4.122	0.73
ω6-Polyunsaturated fat
Model 1^b^c	1.730	0.13	32.624	0.06	0.869	0.29
Model 3^b^e	0.476	0.81	−27.308	0.35	1.530	0.27
Dietary fiber	0.469	0.55	32.969	0.006	−0.147	0.80
Calcium from food and supplement	0.044	0.007	0.790	0.002	0.023	0.06
Soy protein^f	1.498	0.47	43.461	0.17	0.761	0.61
Men	6.532	0.02	59.549	0.15	4.390	0.05
Women	−3.442	0.26	32.223	0.51	−3.005	0.14

^a All models adjusted for age, BMI, gender, and physical activity.
^b No statistically significant interaction was observed between nutrient density and gender.
^c Model 1: unadjusted for other nutrient densities.
^d Model 2: adjusted for other macronutrient densities.
^e Model 3: adjusted for carbohydrate, protein, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, ω3-polyunsaturated fat, and ω6-polyunsaturated fat density.
^f P for interaction between soy protein density and gender: 0.01 for IGF-I; 0.51 for IGFBP-3; 0.01 for molar ratio.