Pooled analysis of case–control studies on the GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 (ILE105VAL), and CYP1A1 (ILE462VAL) genotypes and head and neck cancer
| Principal investigator | First author (Refs.) | Country | Control source | Site | Cases (n) | Controls (n) | GSTM1 (null), ORa (95% CI) | GSTT1 (null), OR (95% CI) | GSTP1 (any Val), OR (95% CI) | CYP1A1 (any Val), OR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | Pharynx | Larynx | ||||||||||||
| Benhamou | Jourenkova (25 26 27) | France | Hospital | X | X | X | 250 | 172 | 1.09 (0.74–1.60) | 1.38 (0.82–2.30) | 1.23 (0.83–1.82) | |||
| Bhisey | Buch (13) | India | Hospital- healthy | X | 300bcd | 678c,d | 1.73 (1.49–1.99) | 1.61 (1.11–2.33) | 1.06 (0.76–1.48) | |||||
| Cascorbi | Unpublished | Germany | Hospital- healthy | X | X | 505f | 223f | 2.01 (1.34–3.01) | 1.26 (0.65–2.43) | 1.02 (0.51–2.04) | ||||
| Coutelle | Coutelle (15) | France | Alcoholism clinic | X | X | 39c,d,e | 76c,d,e | 2.37 (1.05–5.36) | ||||||
| Foulkes | Hamel (20) | Canada | Mixed | X | X | X | 196b,f | 199f | 1.09 (0.74–1.62) | 1.15 (0.67–1.98) | ||||
| Katoh | Katoh (29 , 30) | Japan | Healthy | X | 45 | 91 | 1.59 (0.78–3.27) | |||||||
| Lazarus | Park (42 43 44) | United States | Hospital | X | X | 185f | 367f | 1.40 (0.96–2.03) | 0.87 (0.57–1.33) | |||||
| Manni | Oude Ophuis (40) | Netherlands | Hospital- healthy | X | X | X | 245b,f | 159f | 1.33 (0.77–2.29) | 0.56 (0.30–1.05) | 0.77 (0.52–1.14) | 0.63 (0.33–1.19) | ||
| Romkes | Unpublished | United States | Healthy | Head and neck | 40f | 70f | 0.79 (0.36–1.73) | 0.84 (0.25–2.84) | ||||||
| Strange | Deakin (16) | United Kingdom | Hospital | X | 107f | 493f | 0.69 (0.45–1.05) | 1.38 (0.84–2.27) | 1.53 (0.94–2.48) | 2.11 (0.85–5.24) | ||||
| Strange | Matthias (34 , 35) | Germany | Hospital | X | X | X | 422f | 238f | 1.31 (0.94–1.83) | 1.54 (0.91–2.63) | 1.56 (1.11–2.19) | 0.87 (0.55–1.38) | ||
| No. of studies (cases/controls) in data | 11 (2224/2517) | 8 (1929/1830) | 5 (1164/982) | 5 (1558/1467) | ||||||||||
| Summary ORa | 1.32 (1.07–1.62) | 1.25 (1.00–1.57) | 1.15 (0.86–1.53) | 0.98 (0.75–1.29) | ||||||||||
| Test for heterogeneity | 0.00 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.28 | ||||||||||
| Publication bias (Egger’s test) | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.75 | 0.79 | ||||||||||
| Oral | 1.20 (0.89–1.63) | 1.34 (0.99–1.82) | 1.37 (0.88–2.14) | 0.97 (0.56–1.69) | ||||||||||
| Pharynx | 1.25 (0.98–1.61) | 1.11 (0.66–1.87) | 1.10 (0.58–2.05) | 0.77 (0.47–1.25) | ||||||||||
| Larynx | 1.53 (1.17–2.00) | 1.10 (0.81–1.49) | 1.08 (0.81–1.44) | 0.93 (0.64–1.34) | ||||||||||
| Never smokers | 1.58 (1.11–2.23) | 1.29 (0.83–1.99) | 1.38 (0.46–4.12) | 0.95 (0.62–1.45) | ||||||||||
| Ever smokers | 1.33 (1.01–1.74) | 1.23 (0.77–1.94) | 1.01 (0.76–1.33) | 0.87 (0.50–1.51) | ||||||||||
| Caucasians | 1.19 (0.93–1.51) | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) | 1.15 (0.86–1.54) | 0.95 (0.64–1.43) | ||||||||||
| SCC | 1.24 (0.99–1.54) | 1.17 (0.88–1.55) | 1.13 (0.83–1.54) | |||||||||||
a OR, odds ratio (all ORs from the pooled analysis are adjusted for study center); CI, confidence interval; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.
b Prevalent and incident cases.
c All ever tobacco smokers and/or chewers.
d All males.
e All drinkers.
f Number of cases and controls genotyped varied for each gene; thus, overall numbers are presented.