Mechanisms of resveratrol in cells in vitro related to cancer chemoprevention
Mechanism | Experimental system | “Efficacious” concentrations (μm)a | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Inhibition of growth | Multiple cell lines | ∼5–10 | 5 (review) |
Induction of apoptosis | Leukemia cells | 32–100 | 34 , 35 |
Induction of p-53-independent apoptosis | Colon tumor cells | 100 | 36 |
Estrogen agonism | Mammary cells | 10–25 | 9 |
Antiestrogenicity | Mammary cells | 0.1–1 | 9 |
Inhibition of oxygen radical formation nitric oxide production | Macrophages | ∼30 | 37 |
Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes: CYP1A1 CYP1B1, CYP3A4 | Liver cells, microsomes, recombinant enzyme | 1–20 | 8 , 38 , 39 |
Activation of p53 | Mouse epidermal cells | 20 | 40 |
Activation of c-jun kinase | Mouse epidermal cells | 10–40 | 41 |
Decrease in COX-2 expression | Mammary epithelial cells | ∼5 | 42 |
Increase in p21/Cip1, cyclins D1, D2, E; decrease in cdks 2, 4, 6 | Epidermoid carcinoma cells | ∼10 | 43 |
Increase in cyclins A, B1, and cdks 1 and 2 | Colon tumor cells | 30 | 44 |
Inhibition of protein kinase C activity | Gastric cells | 50 | 45 |
Inhibition of protein kinase D activity | Fibroblasts | >100 | 46 |
Inhibition of NF κBb activation | Monocytes, macrophages | 30 | 47 |
Inhibition of NF κB and AP-1 activation | Myeloid, lymphoid, epithelial cells | 5 | 48 |
a Lowest concentrations at which reproducible changes have been observed, or IC50 or EC50, if provided.
b NF κB, nuclear factor κB.