Incidence RRs and 95% CIs for urothelial cancer for continuous variables of vegetables and fruit consumption, NLCS (1986–1992)
| Vegetable/fruits (10th to 90th percentile, grams/day) | RRa (95% CI) per 25 grams | RRb (95% CI) per 25 grams |
|---|---|---|
| Vegetable and fruits combined (188–569) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | N/Ac |
| Total vegetables (105–297) | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | N/Ac |
| Total fruits (41–324) | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) | N/Ac |
| Individual vegetable items | ||
| String/French beans (6–39) | 0.97 (0.81–1.15) | 0.99 (0.80–1.21) |
| Broad beans (0–14) | 1.14 (0.81–1.60) | 1.20 (0.84–1.70) |
| Brussels sprouts (0–16) | 1.03 (0.69–1.52) | 1.09 (0.71–1.68) |
| Cauliflower (2–28) | 0.77 (0.61–0.98) | 0.75 (0.57–0.98) |
| Cabbage (white/green) (0–18) | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) | 1.04 (0.69–1.58) |
| Kale (0–8) | 1.02 (0.48–2.21) | 1.10 (0.50–2.44) |
| Spinach (0–22) | 1.01 (0.75–1.37) | 1.05 (0.77–1.44) |
| Endive, cooked (0–26) | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | 0.99 (0.75–1.30) |
| Endive, raw (5-1) | 0.70 (0.39–1.27) | 0.71 (0.39–1.32) |
| Lettuce (0–18) | 1.05 (0.71–1.55) | 1.09 (0.72–1.65) |
| Leek (0–23) | 1.00 (0.78–1.28) | 1.03 (0.79–1.34) |
| Onions (0–44) | 0.94 (0.82–1.07) | 0.94 (0.80–1.10) |
| Carrots, cooked (0–20) | 0.66 (0.47–0.92) | 0.63 (0.43–0.92) |
| Carrots, raw (0–8) | 1.16 (0.89–1.50) | 1.19 (0.92–1.55) |
| Sweet peppers (0–8) | 1.16 (0.62–2.16) | 1.27 (0.66–2.44) |
| Tomatoes (0–47) | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) |
| Red beets (0–20) | 0.90 (0.66–1.22) | 0.92 (0.66–1.27) |
| Sauerkraut (0–12) | 0.87 (0.54–1.42) | 0.91 (0.54–1.54) |
| Mushrooms (0–9) | 0.68 (0.35–1.31) | 0.69 (0.35–1.36) |
| Gherkins (0–5) | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.92 (0.68–1.25) |
| Rhubarb (0–6) | 0.88 (0.52–1.50) | 0.89 (0.52–1.51) |
| Individual fruit items | ||
| Oranges (0–115) | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) |
| Mandarins (0–15) | 0.63 (0.42–0.96) | 0.65 (0.43–1.00) |
| Grapefruits (0–36) | 1.04 (0.94–1.16) | 1.07 (0.96–1.21) |
| Orange/grapefruits juice (0–50) | 1.00 (0.94–1.08) | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) |
| Apples/pears (0–160) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) |
| Bananas (0–46) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) |
| Strawberries (0–18) | 0.83 (0.59–1.16) | 0.86 (0.61–1.22) |
| Grapes (0–14) | 1.01 (0.71–1.44) | 1.08 (0.75–1.54) |
| Raisins/other dried fruits (0–2) | 0.37 (0.10–1.43) | 0.40 (0.11–1.50) |
a Adjusted for age (years), sex, number of cigarettes per day, years of cigarette smoking, total fruit consumption (grams/day, for vegetable items, or total vegetable consumption (grams/day, for fruits items).
b Adjusted for age (years), sex, number of cigarettes per day, years of cigarette smoking, total fruit consumption (grams/day), and total vegetable consumption (grams/day).
c Not applicable.