RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Noninvasive Diagnostics for Early Detection of Lung Cancer: Challenges and Potential with a focus on Changes in DNA Methylation
JF Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention
JO Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
FD American Association for Cancer Research
SP cebp.0704.2020
DO 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0704
A1 Herman, James G
A1 Farooq, Maria
YR 2020
UL http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2020/11/04/1055-9965.EPI-20-0704.abstract
AB Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and the world. Early detection of this disease can reduce mortality, as demonstrated for low-dose CT screening. However, there remains a need for improvements in lung cancer detection to complement LDCT screening and to increase adoption of screening. Molecular changes in the tumor or in other examples, the patient's response to the presence of the tumor, have been examined as potential biomarkers for diagnosing lung cancer. There are significant challenges to developing effective biomarker with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of lung cancer, particularly the detection of circulating tumor DNA which is present in very small quantities. We will review approaches to develop biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer, with considerations of detection of rare tumor events, and focus on the use of DNA methylation-based detection in plasma and sputum, demonstrating the promise and challenges of lung cancer early detection. Plasma based detection of lung cancer DNA methylation may provide a simple cost-effective method for the early detection of lung cancer.