RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Germline Missense Variants in the BTNL2 Gene Are Associated with Prostate Cancer Susceptibility JF Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention JO Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev FD American Association for Cancer Research SP 1520 OP 1528 DO 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0345 VO 22 IS 9 A1 FitzGerald, Liesel M. A1 Kumar, Akash A1 Boyle, Evan A. A1 Zhang, Yuzheng A1 McIntosh, Laura M. A1 Kolb, Suzanne A1 Stott-Miller, Marni A1 Smith, Tiffany A1 Karyadi, Danielle M. A1 Ostrander, Elaine A. A1 Hsu, Li A1 Shendure, Jay A1 Stanford, Janet L. YR 2013 UL http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/22/9/1520.abstract AB Background: Rare, inherited mutations account for 5% to 10% of all prostate cancer cases. However, to date, few causative mutations have been identified. Methods: To identify rare mutations for prostate cancer, we conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) in multiple kindreds (n = 91) from 19 hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) families characterized by aggressive or early-onset phenotypes. Candidate variants (n = 130) identified through family- and bioinformatics-based filtering of WES data were then genotyped in an independent set of 270 HPC families (n = 819 prostate cancer cases; n = 496 unaffected relatives) for replication. Two variants with supportive evidence were subsequently genotyped in a population-based case–control study (n = 1,155 incident prostate cancer cases; n = 1,060 age-matched controls) for further confirmation. All participants were men of European ancestry. Results: The strongest evidence was for two germline missense variants in the butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene (rs41441651, p.Asp336Asn and rs28362675, p.Gly454Cys) that segregated with affection status in two of the WES families. In the independent set of 270 HPC families, 1.5% (rs41441651; P = 0.0032) and 1.2% (rs28362675; P = 0.0070) of affected men, but no unaffected men, carried a variant. Both variants were associated with elevated prostate cancer risk in the population-based study (rs41441651: OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.27–5.87; P = 0.010; rs28362675: OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.16–5.46; P = 0.019). Conclusions: Results indicate that rare BTNL2 variants play a role in susceptibility to both familial and sporadic prostate cancer. Impact: Results implicate BTNL2 as a novel prostate cancer susceptibility gene. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(9); 1520–8. ©2013 AACR.