RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Modulation of Human Glutathione S-Transferases by Botanically Defined Vegetable Diets JF Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention JO Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev FD American Association for Cancer Research SP 787 OP 793 VO 9 IS 8 A1 Lampe, Johanna W. A1 Chen, Chu A1 Li, Sue A1 Prunty, JoAnn A1 Grate, Margaret T. A1 Meehan, Diane E. A1 Barale, Karen V. A1 Dightman, Douglas A. A1 Feng, Ziding A1 Potter, John D. YR 2000 UL http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/9/8/787.abstract AB Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) conjugate activated xenobiotics with glutathione; thus, GST induction may improve detoxification and excretion of potentially harmful compounds. Using a randomized cross-over design, we tested the hypothesis that, in humans, serum GST-α concentration (GST-α) and GST activity increase with vegetable consumption and that this effect is GSTM1 genotype dependent. Twenty-one men (10 GSTM1-null and 11 GSTM1+) and 22 women (15 GSTM1-null and 7 GSTM1+), nonsmokers, 20–40 years of age and not on medications, ate four 6-day controlled diets: basal (vegetable-free), and basal supplemented with three botanically defined groups of vegetables (i.e., brassica, allium, and apiaceous). Fasting blood samples, collected on the last 2 days of each feeding period, were analyzed for GST-α, serum GST activity [against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2- oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl)] and peripheral-lymphocyte GST-μ activity (against trans-stilbene oxide). The brassica, but not allium or apiaceous, vegetable diets (relative to the basal diet) increased GST-α by 26% (P = 0.005) and GST (NBD-Cl) activity by 7% (P = 0.02) in the GSTM1-null individuals, particularly the women. Apiaceous vegetable supplementation decreased GST-α in the GSTM1+ men (P = 0.03). Among the GSTM1+ women, both brassica and the allium diets increased GST-μ activity by 18% (P = 0.02) and 26% (P = 0.001), respectively. The vegetable diets had no effect on GST (CDNB) activity, irrespective of GSTM1 genotype or sex. These results demonstrate that GSTM1 genotype has a significant effect on GST responses to diet and that brassica vegetables are most effective at inducing GST-α, whereas both brassica and allium vegetables induce GST-μ. GST responses were more pronounced in women than men, but it is not clear from this study whether this is a dose-per-body-weight or a sex-specific effect.