Mobile screening units for the early detection of cancer: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: Mobile Screening Units (MSUs) provide cancer screening services outside of fixed clinical sites, thereby increasing access to early detection services. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the performance of MSUs for the early detection of cancer. Databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO Global Health Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO) were searched up to July 2015. Studies describing screening for breast, cervical and colon cancer using MSUs were included. Data was collected for operational aspects including the performance of exams, screening tests used, and outcomes of case-detection. Results: Of 268 identified studies, 78 were included. Studies investigated screening for cancers including breast (n=55), cervical (n=12), colon (n=1) and multiphasic screening for multiple cancers (n=10). The median number of screening exams performed per intervention was 1767 (interquartile range 5656-38,233). Programs operated in 20 countries, mostly in North America (36%) and Europe (36%). 52% served mixed rural/urban regions, while 35% and 13% served rural or urban regions, respectfully. Conclusions: MSUs have served to expand access to screening in diverse contexts. Impact: Further research on the implementation of MSUs in low-resource settings and health economic research on cost-effectiveness of MSUs compared with fixed clinics to inform policymakers is needed. -