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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Article

Aspirin Use Reduces the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Disease Recurrence in African-American Men

Cheryl Jacobs Smith, Tiffany H. Dorsey, Wei Tang, Symone V. Jordan, Christopher A. Loffredo and Stefan Ambs
Cheryl Jacobs Smith
1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
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Tiffany H. Dorsey
1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
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Wei Tang
1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
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Symone V. Jordan
1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
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Christopher A. Loffredo
2Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.
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Stefan Ambs
1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland.
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  • For correspondence: ambss@mail.nih.gov
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1027
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Abstract

Background: Men of African descent experience a disproportionately high prostate cancer mortality. Intratumoral inflammation was found to be associated with aggressive prostate cancer. We and others have shown that prostate tumors in African-American (AA) patients harbor a distinct immune and inflammation signature when compared with European-American (EA) patients. These observations suggest that inflammation could be a driver of aggressive disease in men of African descent, leading to the hypothesis that an anti-inflammatory drug like aspirin could prevent disease progression.

Methods: We examined the relationship between aspirin use and prostate cancer in the NCI-Maryland Prostate Cancer Case-Control Study consisting of 823 men with incident prostate cancer (422 AA and 401 EA) and 1,034 population-based men without the disease diagnosis (486 AA and 548 EA).

Results: We observed a significant inverse association between regular aspirin use and prostate cancer among AA men. Stratification of AA patients by disease stage showed that daily and long-term (>3 years) aspirin use significantly decreased the risk of advanced disease [adjusted ORs for T3/T4 disease: 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.17–0.73; and 0.22, 95% CI, 0.08–0.60, respectively], but not early-stage disease (T1/T2). Regular aspirin use also reduced disease recurrence in AA men.

Conclusions: Regular aspirin use is associated with a decreased risk of advanced stage prostate cancer and increased disease-free survival in AA men.

Impact: Regular aspirin use before and after a prostate cancer diagnosis may prevent the development of aggressive disease in AA men who are at risk of a lethal malignancy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 1–9. ©2017 AACR.

Footnotes

  • Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Online (http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/).

  • Received December 16, 2016.
  • Revision received January 18, 2017.
  • Accepted March 2, 2017.
  • ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.
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This OnlineFirst version was published on May 18, 2017
doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1027

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Aspirin Use Reduces the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Disease Recurrence in African-American Men
Cheryl Jacobs Smith, Tiffany H. Dorsey, Wei Tang, Symone V. Jordan, Christopher A. Loffredo and Stefan Ambs
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev May 18 2017 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1027

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Aspirin Use Reduces the Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Disease Recurrence in African-American Men
Cheryl Jacobs Smith, Tiffany H. Dorsey, Wei Tang, Symone V. Jordan, Christopher A. Loffredo and Stefan Ambs
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev May 18 2017 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1027
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