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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

A Prospective Study of the Effect of Alcohol Consumption and ADH3 Genotype on Plasma Steroid Hormone Levels and Breast Cancer Risk

Lisa M. Hines, Susan E. Hankinson, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Donna Spiegelman, Karl T. Kelsey, Graham A. Colditz, Walter C. Willett and David J. Hunter
Lisa M. Hines
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Susan E. Hankinson
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Stephanie A. Smith-Warner
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Donna Spiegelman
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Karl T. Kelsey
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Graham A. Colditz
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Walter C. Willett
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David J. Hunter
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DOI:  Published October 2000
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Tables

  • Table 1

    ADH3 genotype and breast cancer risk

    ADH3 genotypeCases, n (%)Controls, n (%)RR (95% CI) Matcheda,bRR (95% CI) Multivariatec,d
    All women
    Fast153 (33)211 (34)1.0 (Ref)e1.0 (Ref)
    Intermediate239 (51)300 (48)1.2 (0.9–1.5)1.1 (0.8–1.4)
    Slow73 (16)110 (18)1.0 (0.7–1.5)0.9 (0.6–1.3)
    Premenopausal
    Fast30 (33)35 (36)1.0 (Ref)1.0 (Ref)
    Intermediate47 (52)48 (50)1.2 (0.6–2.2)1.1 (0.5–2.5)
    Slow14 (15)14 (14)1.1 (0.5–2.8)1.4 (0.5–4.0)
    Postmenopausal
    Fast106 (32)157 (33)1.0 (Ref)1.0 (Ref)
    Intermediate168 (51)236 (49)1.1 (0.8–1.5)0.9 (0.6–1.3)
    Slow54 (17)88 (18)1.0 (0.6–1.5)0.7 (0.5–1.2)
    • a Matched on year of birth, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, fasting status, time and date of blood draw.

    • b Unconditional logistic regression controlling for the matching factors was utilized for premenopausal women because of small sample size.

    • c In addition to matching factors, controlled for parity, age of first birth, age of menarche, body mass index, family history, alcohol consumption, benign breast disease, weight gain since age 18, age of menopause, and duration of postmenopausal hormone use.

    • d Unconditional logistic regression controlling for the matching factors, parity, age of first birth, age of menarche, body mass index, family history, alcohol consumption, benign breast disease, and weight gain since age 18 was utilized for premenopausal women because of small sample size.

    • e Ref, within reference values.

  • Table 2

    RRs and 95% CIs for breast cancer risk stratified by ADH3 genotype and daily alcohol consumption prior to diagnosis

    ADH3 genotypeAlcohol consumptionP, test for trenda
    None≤10 g/day≥10 g/day
    Combined
    Cases, n (%)b138 (30)213 (47)104 (23)
    Controls, n (%)b195 (32)268 (44)149 (24)
    Matched RRc1.0 (Ref)1.1 (0.8–1.5)0.9 (0.6–1.3)0.35
    Multivariate RRd1.0 (Ref)1.2 (0.9–1.6)1.1 (0.7–1.6)0.94
    Fast
    Cases, n (%)55 (12)63 (14)31 (7)
    Controls, n (%)61 (10)98 (16)47 (8)
    Matched RRc1.0 (Ref)0.8 (0.5–1.3)0.7 (0.4–1.3)0.49
    Multivariate RRd1.0 (Ref)0.8 (0.5–1.3)0.8 (0.4–1.5)0.83
    Intermediate
    Cases, n (%)61 (13)124 (27)50 (11)
    Controls, n (%)97 (16)127 (21)72 (12)
    Matched RRc0.8 (0.5–1.3)1.2 (0.7–1.8)0.8 (0.5–1.3)0.60
    Multivariate RRd0.7 (0.4–1.2)1.1 (0.7–1.8)0.8 (0.4–1.4)0.91
    Slow
    Cases, n (%)22 (5)26 (6)23 (5)
    Controls, n (%)37 (6)43 (7)30 (5)
    Matched RRc0.7 (0.4–1.4)0.7 (0.4–1.4)1.0 (0.5–1.9)0.58
    Multivariate RRd0.6 (0.3–1.2)0.6 (0.3–1.2)1.1 (0.5–2.4)0.21
    LRT,e P = 0.35
    LRT,f P = 0.15
    • a Unconditional logistic regression controlling for the matching factors was utilized for determining trend within each genotype because of small sample size.

    • b Numbers of cases and controls do not total 465 and 621 because of missing data on alcohol intake.

    • c Matched on year of birth, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, fasting status, time and date of blood draw.

    • d In addition to matching factors, controlled for parity, age of first birth, age of menarche, body mass index, family history, alcohol consumption, benign breast disease, weight gain since age 18, age of menopause, and duration of postmenopausal hormone use.

    • e Likelihood ratio test for the interaction between genotype and alcohol consumption adjusted for the matching factors.

    • f Likelihood ratio test for the interaction between genotype and alcohol consumption adjusted for the matching factors and previously described risk factors.

  • Table 3

    RRs and 95% CIs for breast cancer risk stratified by ADH3 genotype and daily alcohol consumption prior to diagnosis among postmenopausal women

    ADH3 genotypeAlcohol consumptionP, test for trenda
    None≤10 g/day>10 g/day
    Combined
    Cases, n (%)b89 (28)146 (46)86 (27)
    Controls, n (%)b150 (32)210 (44)114 (24)
    Matched RRc1.0 (Ref)d1.2 (0.8–1.7)1.2 (0.8–1.8)0.62
    Multivariate RRe1.0 (Ref)1.3 (0.9–1.9)1.3 (0.9–2.1)0.41
    Fast
    Cases, n (%)34 (11)45 (14)25 (8)
    Controls, n (%)48 (10)73 (15)33 (7)
    Matched RRc1.0 (Ref)1.0 (0.5–1.7)1.1 (0.5–2.2)0.81
    Multivariate RRe1.0 (Ref)1.0 (0.5–1.9)1.2 (0.5–2.8)0.60
    Intermediate
    Cases, n (%)40 (13)84 (26)41 (13)
    Controls, n (%)73 (15)102 (22)57 (12)
    Matched RRc0.9 (0.5–1.7)1.3 (0.7–2.2)1.1 (0.6–2.0)0.98
    Multivariate RRe0.7 (0.4–1.5)1.2 (0.6–2.2)0.9 (0.5–1.9)0.71
    Slow
    Cases, n (%)15 (5)17 (5)20 (6)
    Controls, n (%)29 (6)35 (7)24 (5)
    Matched RRc0.8 (0.4–1.9)0.7 (0.3–1.5)1.3 (0.6–2.7)0.50
    Multivariate RRe0.6 (0.2–1.5)0.6 (0.3–1.4)1.3 (0.5–3.0)0.17
    LRT,f P = 0.56
    LRT,g P = 0.45
    • a Unconditional logistic regression controlling for the matching factors was utilized for determining trend within each genotype because of small sample size.

    • b Numbers of cases and controls do not total 328 and 481 because of missing data on alcohol intake.

    • c Matched on year of birth, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, fasting status, time and date of blood draw.

    • d Ref, within reference values.

    • e In addition to matching factors, controlled for parity, age of first birth, age of menarche, body mass index, family history, alcohol consumption, benign breast disease, weight gain since age 18, age of menopause, and duration of postmenopausal hormone use.

    • f Likelihood ratio test for the interaction between genotype and alcohol consumption adjusted for the matching factors.

    • g Likelihood ratio test for the interaction between genotype and alcohol consumption adjusted for the matching factors and previously described risk factors.

  • Table 4

    Pearson correlations between current alcohol intake and plasma hormone levelsa

    Hormoner (P)P, test for trend
    CombinedFastIntermediateSlow
    Estrone sulfate0.14 (0.02)0.26 (0.02)0.08 (0.34)0.19 (0.15)0.84
    n = 278n = 83n = 138n = 57
    Estrone0.03 (0.57)0.15 (0.18)−0.03 (0.74)0.09 (0.49)0.88
    n = 297n = 84n = 152n = 61
    Estradiol0.07 (0.23)0.23 (0.03)−0.01 (0.93)−0.01 (0.96)0.21
    n = 296n = 83n = 151n = 62
    Free estradiol0.09 (0.11)0.23 (0.04)0.02 (0.80)0.07 (0.60)0.35
    n = 291n = 83n = 148n = 60
    % free estradiol0.06 (0.33)0.02 (0.85)0.08 (0.35)0.14 (0.29)0.59
    n = 295n = 84n = 151n = 60
    Bioavailable estradiol0.14 (0.02)0.21 (0.06)0.08 (0.35)0.22 (0.09)0.97
    n = 293n = 83n = 151n = 59
    % bioavailable estradiol0.14 (0.01)0.17 (0.12)0.13 (0.12)0.12 (0.35)0.79
    n = 298n = 84n = 153n = 61
    Androstenedione−0.02 (0.75)0.11 (0.34)−0.10 (0.25)−0.04 (0.77)0.39
    n = 289n = 82n = 146n = 61
    Testosterone−0.11 (0.06)0.08 (0.50)−0.19 (0.02)−0.19 (0.13)0.07
    n = 291n = 82n = 148n = 61
    DHEA0.00 (0.98)0.17 (0.14)−0.08 (0.37)−0.02 (0.90)0.23
    n = 266n = 76n = 136n = 54
    DHEAS0.06 (0.30)0.28 (0.01)0.08 (0.32)−0.23 (0.08)0.01
    n = 292n = 80n = 151n = 61
    SHBG−0.13 (0.03)0.04 (0.75)−0.17 (0.03)−0.22 (0.10)0.02
    n = 289n = 83n = 149n = 57
    • a Adjusted for smoking, body mass index, age, and laboratory batch.

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October 2000
Volume 9, Issue 10
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A Prospective Study of the Effect of Alcohol Consumption and ADH3 Genotype on Plasma Steroid Hormone Levels and Breast Cancer Risk
Lisa M. Hines, Susan E. Hankinson, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Donna Spiegelman, Karl T. Kelsey, Graham A. Colditz, Walter C. Willett and David J. Hunter
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2000 (9) (10) 1099-1105;

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A Prospective Study of the Effect of Alcohol Consumption and ADH3 Genotype on Plasma Steroid Hormone Levels and Breast Cancer Risk
Lisa M. Hines, Susan E. Hankinson, Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Donna Spiegelman, Karl T. Kelsey, Graham A. Colditz, Walter C. Willett and David J. Hunter
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2000 (9) (10) 1099-1105;
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