Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Digestive Cancers at Sites Other Than the Large Bowel

Patricia F. Coogan; Lynn Rosenberg; Julie R. Palmer; Brian L. Strom; Ann G. Zauber; Paul D. Stolley; Samuel Shapiro

DOI: Published January 2000

Article Figures & Data

Tables

Table 1

Characteristics of cases and controls (%)^a

	Esophagus (n = 215)	Stomach (n = 254)	Pancreas (n = 504)	Gallbladder (n = 125)	Liver (n = 51)	Controls (n = 595)
Male	73.5	48.0	53.6	45.6	51.0	47.8
Female	26.5	52.0	46.4	54.4	49.0	52.2
Age
<50	23.8	25.2	20.3	23.2	25.5	61.6
50–59	34.0	31.9	34.1	35.2	35.3	20.9
60–69	42.3	42.9	45.6	41.6	39.2	17.6
Race
White	73.0	75.6	87.3	89.6	78.4	74.3
Black	24.2	20.9	11.5	7.2	17.6	22.6
Other	2.8	3.5	1.2	3.2	3.9	3.2
Education
<12	34.4	22.8	17.5	15.2	19.6	18.4
12	28.4	39.0	36.2	40.8	43.1	32.4
≥13	36.7	37.8	46.1	44.0	37.3	48.6
Religion
Jewish	3.3	13.0	14.7	8.0	7.8	9.8
Catholic	37.2	44.5	39.9	47.2	37.3	42.6
Protestant	47.0	29.1	35.3	36.0	33.3	37.4
Other	2.3	3.9	1.6	2.4	0	4.7
Alcohol consumption
Current drinker	68.4	63.4	68.3	60.0	56.9	74.7
Ex-drinker	15.8	11.0	11.9	6.4	17.6	7.2
Never drank	10.7	24.0	18.5	31.2	21.6	17.1
Cigarette smoking
Current smoker	44.2	34.4	33.0	27.2	35.2	39.7
Ex-smoker	37.7	26.0	34.5	34.4	41.2	23.2
Never smoked	18.1	38.6	31.5	38.4	21.6	36.1

^a May not sum to 100% because of exclusion of subjects with missing values.

Table 2

NSAID use in cases of pancreatic cancer (n = 504), stomach cancer (n = 254), esophageal cancer (n = 215), gallbladder cancer (n = 125), liver cancer (n = 51), and controls (n = 5952)

Group	Total	NSAID use^a
				Never used	Regular use initiated ≥1 year previously			Nonregular use
				Never used		Continuing^b	Discontinued^c	Nonregular use
Controls	5833	2339	403	88	3003
Pancreas	491	207	41	7	236
OR^d		1.0^e	0.8	0.6	1.0
95% CI			0.5–1.1	0.3–1.5	0.8–1.3
Stomach	250	123	8	3	116
OR		1.0^e	0.3	0.6	0.7
95% CI			0.1–0.6	0.2–1.8	0.5–0.9
Esophagus	207	93	19	8	87
OR		1.0^e	0.8	2.1	0.9
95% CI			0.5–1.4	0.9–4.8	0.6–1.2
Gallbladder	125	57	9	1	58
OR		1.0^e	0.5		0.9
95% CI			0.3–1.1		0.6–1.3
Liver	49	15	4	0	30
OR		1.0^e	0.9		1.6
95% CI			0.3–2.9		0.8–3.1

^a Analysis excludes 22 total cases and 102 controls who initiated regular use within 1 year of admission and 5 total cases and 17 controls with unknown NSAID use.
^b Use continuing into the year before admission.
^c Use discontinued at least 1 year before admission.
^d Adjusted for age, sex, interview year, center, race, religion, cigarettes, family history of digestive cancer, education, and alcohol consumption.
^e Reference category.

Table 3

Duration of regular continuing NSAID use among cases of pancreatic cancer (n = 504), stomach cancer (n = 254), esophageal cancer (n = 215), gallbladder cancer (n = 125), and controls (n = 5952)

Group	Never used	Duration of NSAID use (years)
Group	Never used			<5	5+
Controls	2339	198	188
Cancers
Pancreas	207	22	18
OR^a	1.0^b	0.8	0.6
95% CI		0.5–1.4	0.4–1.1
Stomach	123	5	3
OR	1.0^b	0.4	0.2
95% CI		0.1–0.9	0.1–0.7
Esophagus	93	13	6
OR	1.0^b	1.2	0.4
95% CI		0.7–2.4	0.2–1.1
Gallbladder	57	6	3
OR	1.0^b	0.8	0.3
95% CI		1.3–2.0	0.1–1.1

^a Adjusted for age, sex, interview year, center, race, religion, cigarette smoking, family history of digestive cancer, education, and alcohol consumption.
^b Reference category.