Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Associations between MTHFR and colon cancer
MTHFR genotype Men Women All subjects Cases (n) Controls (n) OR (95% CI)a Cases (n) Controls (n) OR (95% CI) Cases (n) Controls (n) OR (95% CI) CC 372 435 1.0 301 392 1.0 673 827 1.0 CT 378 423 1.0 (0.9–1.3) 277 359 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 655 787 1.0 (0.9–1.2) TT 74 109 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 65 98 0.9 (0.6–1.2) 139 207 0.9 (0.7–1.1) Distal tumors CC 175 435 1.0 141 392 1.0 316 827 1.0 CT 189 423 1.1 (0.9–1.5) 130 359 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 329 787 1.1 (0.9–1.3) TT 41 109 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 32 98 0.9 (0.6–1.5) 73 207 1.0 (0.7–1.3) Proximal tumors CC 185 435 1.0 154 392 1.0 339 837 1.0 CT 177 423 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 142 359 1.0 (0.8–1.4) 319 787 1.0 (0.8–1.2) TT 33 109 0.7 (0.5–1.1) 31 98 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 64 207 0.8 (0.6–1.1) -
a Adjusted for age, BMI, long-term vigorous physical activity, energy intake, dietary fiber, and usual number of cigarettes smoked.
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- Table 2
Associations between nutrients and MTHFR status in men and women
MTHFR genotype OR (95% CI)a Low Intermediate High Folateb CC 1.0 0.8 (0.7–1.1) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) CT 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.8 (0.6–1.1) TT 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 0.6 (0.4–1.0) Vitamin B6 CC 1.0 0.8 (0.6–1.0) 0.9 (0.7–1.3) CT 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.9 (0.6–1.2) TT 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 0.6 (0.4–1.0) Vitamin B12 CC 1.0 1.1 (0.8–1.4) 1.0 (0.8–1.4) CT 1.1 (0.7–1.9) 1.1 (0.9–1.4) 0.9 (0.6–1.2) TT 1.2 (0.7–1.9) 0.9 (0.6–1.2) 0.7 (0.5–1.2) Methionine CC 1.0 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.8 (0.6–1.0) CT 1.0 (0.7–1.3) 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.9 (0.6–1.2) TT 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) Alcohol CC 1.0 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.8 (0.6–1.1) CT 0.9 (0.7–1.1) 1.0 (0.8–1.3) 1.2 (0.9–1.6) TT 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.5 (0.3–0.8) 1.0 (0.6–1.6) Multivitamin supplementc CC 1.0 1.1 (0.9–1.3) CT 1.0 (0.8–1.2) 1.1 (0.9–1.4) TT 0.9 (0.7–1.2) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) -
a Nutrients were evaluated as nutrients per 1000 kcal and adjusted for sex, age, BMI, long-term vigorous physical activity, usual number of cigarettes smoked per day, total energy intake, and dietary fiber.
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b Cut-off points for men were: folate, 126/197; vitamin B6, 0.8/1.2; vitamin B12, 1.9/3.31; methionine, 0.74/1.0; alcohol, 1/20. Cut-off points for women were: folate, 141/214; vitamin B6, 0.85/1.21; vitamin B12, 1.88/3.31; methionine, 0.75/1.0; alcohol, 1/20.
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c Includes any reported use of multivitamin supplements or any supplement that contains folate or B vitamins during the referent year. Low, used no multivitamin supplement; High, used multivitamin supplement.
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- Table 3
Associations between nutrients and MTHFR status by tumor site
MTHFR genotype Proximal, OR (95% CI)a Distal, OR (95% CI) Low Intermediate High Low Intermediate High Folate CC 1.0 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 1.0 0.9 (0.6–1.2) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) CT 0.9 (0.7–1.3) 0.9 (0.6–1.2) 0.8 (0.6–1.3) 1.1 (0.8–1.6) 1.0 (0.7–1.3) 0.7 (0.5–1.2) TT 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 0.8 (0.5–1.4) 0.5 (0.2–0.9) 0.9 (0.5–1.5) 0.9 (0.5–1.4) 0.8 (0.5–1.5) Vitamin B6 CC 1.0 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 1.1 (0.7–1.6) 1.0 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 0.8 (0.5–1.1) CT 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 1.0 (0.6–1.4) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 0.9 (0.7–1.3) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) TT 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.5 (0.3–0.9) 0.8 (0.4–1.4) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.7 (0.4–1.3) Vitamin B12 CC 1.0 1.3 (0.9–1.8) 1.2 (0.8–1.8) 1.0 0.8 (0.6–1.2) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) CT 1.3 (0.9–1.8) 1.3 (0.9–1.8) 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.8 (0.6–1.2) TT 1.1 (0.6–2.2) 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 0.6 (0.3–1.3) 1.1 (0.6–2.1) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.9 (0.5–1.6) -
a Nutrients were evaluated as nutrients per 1000 kcal and adjusted for sex, age, BMI, long-term vigorous physical activity, usual number of cigarettes smoked per day, total energy intake, and dietary fiber.
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- Table 4
Associations between nutrients and MTHFR status by age at time of diagnosis
MTHFR genotype ≤60 years, OR (95% CI)a >60 years, OR (95% CI) Low Intermediate High Low Intermediate High Folate CC 1.0 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.7 (0.3–1.3) 1.0 0.9 (0.6–1.2) 0.9 (0.6–1.4) CT 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.5 (0.3–1.1) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 1.0 (0.8–1.4) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) TT 1.1 (0.5–2.7) 1.0 (0.4–1.9) 0.6 (0.2–1.7) 0.7 (0.4–1.2) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.6 (0.4–1.1) Vitamin B6 CC 1.0 0.7 (0.5–1.2) 0.6 (0.3–1.2) 1.0 0.8 (0.6–1.1) 1.0 (0.7–1.5) CT 0.7 (0.5–1.2) 0.7 (0.4–1.1) 0.8 (0.4–1.7) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 1.0 (0.7–1.4) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) TT 0.6 (0.2–1.3) 1.0 (0.5–2.0) 1.1 (0.4–2.9) 0.9 (0.5–1.7) 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.5 (0.3–0.9) Vitamin B12 CC 1.0 0.9 (0.5–1.5) 0.9 (0.5–1.5) 1.0 1.1 (0.8–1.5) 1.1 (0.7–1.5) CT 1.0 (0.6–1.8) 0.8 (0.5–1.3) 0.7 (0.4–1.3) 1.2 (0.8–1.7) 1.3 (0.9–1.7) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) TT 1.6 (0.6–4.2) 0.7 (0.4–1.6) 1.0 (0.4–2.6) 1.0 (0.5–1.8) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 0.6 (0.4–1.2) -
a Nutrients evaluated as nutrients per 1000 kcal and adjusted for sex, age, BMI, long-term vigorous physical activity, usual number of cigarettes smoked per day, total energy intake, and dietary fiber.
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- Table 5
Combined effects of folate, methionine, and alcohol on risk of colon cancer
Folatea Methionine Allsubjects Non-alcohol drinkers Alcohol drinkers CC/CT, OR (95% CI)b TT, OR (95% CI) CC/CT, OR (95% CI) TT, OR (95% CI) CC/CT, OR (95% CI) TT, OR (95% CI) Low Low 1.0 1.0 (0.5–2.3) 1.0 0.9 (0.2–4.0) 1.0 1.2 (0.4–3.1) Intermediate 0.9 (0.7–1.3) 0.7 (0.4–1.2) 1.0 (0.6–1.6) 1.1 (0.5–2.4) 0.9 (0.6–1.3) 0.4 (0.1–0.9) High 1.0 (0.7–1.6) 0.9 (0.2–2.8) 1.1 (0.6–2.1) 0.5 (0.1–2.7) 0.9 (0.5–1.8) —c High Low 0.9 (0.6–1.4) 0.7 (0.3–1.7) 1.0 (0.5–1.8) 0.7 (0.2–2.3) 0.8 (0.4–1.5) 0.5 (0.1–2.5) Intermediate 0.6 (0.4–0.9) 0.6 (0.3–1.0) 0.6 (0.4–1.1) 0.8 (0.3–1.8) 0.6 (0.4–1.1) 0.4 (0.2–1.0) High 0.8 (0.5–1.2) 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 0.7 (0.4–1.2) 0.4 (0.1–1.1) 0.9 (0.5–1.7) —c -
a High folate was defined as >205 μg per 1000 calories; high methionine was defined as >1.0 g per 1000 calories; low folate was defined as ≤135 μg per 1000 calories; low methionine was defined as <0.75 g per 1000 calories; intermediate levels fell between these values.
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b Nutrients were evaluated as nutrients per 1000 kcal and adjusted for sex, age, BMI, long-term vigorous physical activity, usual number of cigarettes smoked per day, total energy intake, and dietary fiber.
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c Too few numbers in cell to estimate associations.
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- Table 6
Associations between MTHFR and high- and low-risk diets as determined by combined levels of folate, methionine, and alcohola
MTHFR genotype OR (95% CI)b High risk Intermediate risk Low risk CC/TT cases/controls 109/96 1180/1449 39/64 TT cases/controls 11/10 121/179 7/18 All subjects CC/CT 1.0 0.8 (0.6–1.0) 0.6 (0.4–1.0) TT 1.0 (0.4–2.4) 0.7 (0.5–1.0) 0.4 (0.1–0.9) Subjects ≤60 years CC/CT 1.0 0.7 (0.4–1.2) 0.6 (0.2–1.9) TT 0.6 (0.1–2.6) 0.8 (0.4–1.7) 0.2 (0.02–1.8) Subjects ≤60 years CC/CT 1.0 0.8 (0.5–1.0) 0.6 (0.3–1.0) TT 1.3 (0.4–4.5) 0.6 (0.4–0.9) 0.4 (0.2–1.2) -
a Low risk was defined as folate ≥195 μg per 1000 calories, methionine, ≥1.0 g per 1000 calories and non-alcoholic beverage drinker. High risk was defined as folate ≤140 μg per 1000 calories, methionine ≤0.80 g per 1000 calories, and alcohol >10 g per day. Values between those for low and high are considered intermediate.
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b Nutrients were evaluated as nutrients per 1000 kcal and adjusted for sex and age.
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