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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Rising Prostate Cancer Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Trend Analysis of Data from the African Cancer Registry Network

Tobias P. Seraphin, Walburga Y. Joko-Fru, Bakarou Kamaté, Eric Chokunonga, Henry Wabinga, Nontuthuzelo I.M. Somdyala, Shyam S. Manraj, Olufemi J. Ogunbiyi, Charles P. Dzamalala, Anne Finesse, Anne Korir, Guy N'Da, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Biying Liu, Eva J. Kantelhardt and Donald M. Parkin
Tobias P. Seraphin
1Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Walburga Y. Joko-Fru
2African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Program, United Kingdom.
3Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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  • ORCID record for Walburga Y. Joko-Fru
Bakarou Kamaté
4Registre des cancers de Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
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Eric Chokunonga
5Zimbabwe National Cancer Registry, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Henry Wabinga
6Kampala Cancer Registry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda.
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Nontuthuzelo I.M. Somdyala
7South African Medical Research Council, Eastern Cape Cancer Registry, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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  • ORCID record for Nontuthuzelo I.M. Somdyala
Shyam S. Manraj
8Mauritius National Cancer Registry, Mauritius.
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Olufemi J. Ogunbiyi
9Ibadan Cancer Registry, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Charles P. Dzamalala
10Malawi Cancer Registry, Blantyre, Malawi.
11Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi.
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Anne Finesse
12Seychelles National Cancer Registry, Seychelles.
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Anne Korir
13National Cancer Registry, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Guy N'Da
14Registre des cancers d'Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
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Cesaltina Lorenzoni
15National Cancer Control Program, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
16Departamento de Patologia, Maputo Cancer Registry, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique.
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Biying Liu
2African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Program, United Kingdom.
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Eva J. Kantelhardt
1Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
17Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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  • For correspondence: eva.kantelhardt@uk-halle.de
Donald M. Parkin
3Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
18International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1005 Published January 2021
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Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is the leading cancer in men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) regarding incidence and mortality. Published data from a few registries in SSA suggest that the rates are still rising, but there is little comprehensive information on the time trends of prostate cancer incidence.

Methods: We analyzed registry data on 13,170 incident prostate cancer cases in men aged 40 years or above, from 12 population-based cancer registries in 11 SSA countries, with at least a 10-year time span of comparable data.

Results: We observed an increase in cumulative risks (CR) and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) over time in all registries (statistically significant in all but one). The highest values of CR were found in Seychelles and Harare (Zimbabwe). The highest annual increase in the ASRs was seen in Seychelles and Eastern Cape (South Africa), whereas the lowest was seen in Mauritius. We mainly found a steady increase in incidence with age and during successive periods.

Conclusions: This analysis reveals that prostate cancer incidence rates are rising in many populations in SSA—often very rapidly—which is in contrast to recent observations worldwide. We acknowledge that the reasons are multifactorial and largely remain unclear, but believe that they are primarily associated with improvements in health care systems, for example, a broader use of prostate-specific antigen testing.

Impact: This study is the first to compare population-level data on time trends of prostate cancer incidence between multiple countries of SSA, presenting the different rates of increase in 11 of them.

Footnotes

  • Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Online (http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/).

  • Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30:158–65

  • Received July 1, 2020.
  • Revision received September 1, 2020.
  • Accepted October 1, 2020.
  • Published first October 8, 2020.
  • ©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 30 (1)
January 2021
Volume 30, Issue 1
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Rising Prostate Cancer Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Trend Analysis of Data from the African Cancer Registry Network
Tobias P. Seraphin, Walburga Y. Joko-Fru, Bakarou Kamaté, Eric Chokunonga, Henry Wabinga, Nontuthuzelo I.M. Somdyala, Shyam S. Manraj, Olufemi J. Ogunbiyi, Charles P. Dzamalala, Anne Finesse, Anne Korir, Guy N'Da, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Biying Liu, Eva J. Kantelhardt and Donald M. Parkin
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev January 1 2021 (30) (1) 158-165; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1005

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Rising Prostate Cancer Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Trend Analysis of Data from the African Cancer Registry Network
Tobias P. Seraphin, Walburga Y. Joko-Fru, Bakarou Kamaté, Eric Chokunonga, Henry Wabinga, Nontuthuzelo I.M. Somdyala, Shyam S. Manraj, Olufemi J. Ogunbiyi, Charles P. Dzamalala, Anne Finesse, Anne Korir, Guy N'Da, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Biying Liu, Eva J. Kantelhardt and Donald M. Parkin
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev January 1 2021 (30) (1) 158-165; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1005
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