Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Axial CT images of the third lumbar vertebral level (L3). A, Highlighted regions of whole skeletal muscle area (A1), paraspinal skeletal muscle area (A2), SFA (A3), and VFA (A4). B, Comparisons of images from male patients with variable SATI (top row) and SMI (bottom row): high SATI/nonsarcopenic (B1), low SATI/nonsarcopenic (B2), high SATI/sarcopenic (B3), and low SATI/sarcopenic (B4).
- Figure 2.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves in a cohort of patients with esophageal cancer comparing high versus low SATI.
- Figure 3.
Kaplan–Meier survival curves in a cohort of patients with esophageal cancer comparing outcomes based on a combination of SATI and sarcopenia.
Tables
- Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics of an esophageal cancer cohort (n = 78) at Columbia University Irving and Weill Cornell Medical Centers (2009–2015).
All patients Low SATI High SATI P value Age at diagnosis, mean (SD) 66.8 (11.3) 68.5 (10.5) 65.2 (11.9) 0.20 Sex, male (%) 64 (82.1) 31 (81.6) 33 (82.5) 0.92 Race, white (%) 68 (87.2) 29 (76.3) 39 (97.5) 0.01 Tobacco exposure (%) 0.36 Never 20 (25.6) 7 (18.4) 13 (32.5) Former 49 (62.8) 26 (68.4) 23 (57.5) Current 9 (11.5) 5 (13.2) 4 (10.0) Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) 0 (1–2) 1 (0–2) 0 (0–1.5) 0.05 Charlson comorbidity indexa (%) 0.11 0 34 (43.6) 12 (31.6) 22 (55.0) 1 19 (24.4) 11 (29.0) 8 (20.0) >1 25 (32.1) 15 (39.4) 10 (25.0) BMI at diagnosis, median (IQR) 26.5 (23.3–29.2) 24.1 (21.4–26.5) 28.1 (26.4–32.3) <0.001 BMI category 0.001 ≤20 5 (6.4) 5 (13.5) 0 >20–25 18 (23.1) 13 (35.1) 5 (12.5) >25–30 28 (35.9) 13 (35.1) 15 (37.5) >30 (Obese) 26 (33.3) 6 (16.2) 20 (50.0) Weight loss (%),b median (IQR) 4.6 (0–10.2) 5.6 (0–10.6) 4.2 (0–10) 0.60 Weight loss category 0.48 No weight loss 25 (32.1) 12 (31.6) 13 (32.5) >0%–<5% 17 (21.8) 11 (29.0) 6 (15.0) ≥5%–<10% 15 (19.2) 6 (15.8) 9 (22.5) ≥10% 21 (26.9) 9 (23.7) 12 (30.0) Received surgery (%) 51 (65.4) 26 (68.4) 25 (64.1) 0.69 Received any chemotherapy or radiotherapy (%) 61 (78.2) 33 (86.8) 28 (70) 0.07 Neoadjuvant (%) 39 (50.0) 21 (55.3) 18 (45.0) Adjuvant (%) 6 (7.7) 2 (5.3) 4 (10.0) Received endoscopic therapy (%) 5 (6.5%) 0 5 (12.8) 0.02 - Table 2.
Tumor characteristics of an esophageal cancer cohort (n = 78) at Columbia University Irving and Weill Cornell Medical Centers (2009–2015).
All patients Low SATI High SATI P value Histologya (%) 0.002 Adenocarcinoma 63 (81.8) 25 (67.6) 38 (95.0) HER2 positive 11 (22.5) 5 (13.5) 6 (15.0) Squamous cell carcinoma 14 (18.2) 12 (32.4) 2 (5.0) Gradea (%) 0.81 Well or moderately differentiated 28 (36.4) 14 (37.8) 14 (35.0) Poorly differentiated 32 (41.6) 16 (43.2) 16 (40.0) Unknown 17 (22.1) 7 (18.9) 10 (25.0) Locationa (%) 0.19 GE junction or lower esophagus 61 (79.2) 27 (73.0) 34 (85.0) Mid- or upper esophagus 16 (20.8) 10 (27.0) 6 (15.0) Tumor–node–metastasis stage (%) 0.19 1 13 (16.7) 3 (7.9) 10 (25.0) 2 19 (24.4) 9 (23.7) 10 (25.0) 3 33 (42.3) 18 (47.4) 15 (37.5) 4 13 (16.7) 8 (21.1) 5 (12.5) Abbreviation: GE, gastroesophageal.
↵aTumor histology, grade, and location missing for one subject.
- Table 3.
Factors associated with low SATI in an esophageal cancer cohort (n = 78) at Columbia University Irving and Weill Cornell Medical Centers (2009–2015).
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI) Age at diagnosis <65 (Ref.) ≥65 1.82 (0.73–4.51) Sex Female (Ref.) Male 0.94 (0.30–2.99) Race White (Ref.) Non-white 12.1 (1.45–101) Tobacco exposure Never (Ref.) Former 2.10 (0.72–6.16) Current 2.32 (0.47–11.5) Charlson comorbidity index 0 (Ref.) (Ref.) 1 2.52 (0.80–7.97) 2.45 (0.49–12.2) >1 2.75 (0.95–7.98) 15.7 (2.11–117) BMI at diagnosis 0.72 (0.61–0.85) 0.62 (0.49–0.79) Weight loss (%) No weight loss (Ref.) (Ref.) >0%–<5% 1.99 (0.56–7.05) 1.69 (0.23–12.2) ≥5%–<10% 0.72 (0.20–2.64) 0.77 (0.09–7.02) ≥10% 0.81 (0.25–2.61) 0.11 (0.01–0.90) Received surgery No (Ref.) (Ref.) Yes 1.21 (0.47–3.13) 4.16 (0.69–24.9) Received chemotherapy or radiotherapy No (Ref.) Yes 3.54 (1.02–12.2) Histology Adenocarcinoma (Ref.) Squamous cell 9.12 (1.88–44.3) Grade Well or moderately differentiated (Ref.) Poorly differentiated 1.00 (0.36–2.76) Unknown 0.70 (0.21–2.36) Location GE junction/lower third (Ref.) Middle/upper third 2.10 (0.48–1.32) Tumor–node–metastasis stage 1 (Ref.) (Ref.) 2 3.00 (0.62–14.5) 6.55 (0.56–76.3) 3 4.00 (0.93–17.2) 14.4 (1.25–94.6) 4 5.33 (0.97–29.4) 42.4 (1.66–105) Note: Numbers in bold in adjusted analyses are statistically significant.
Abbreviation: GE, gastroesophageal.
- Table 4.
Cox proportional hazards models for the associations between SATI and all-cause mortality.
HR (95% CI) Model 1 (unadjusted) SATI High (Ref.) Low 2.23 (1.20–4.12) Model 2 SATI High (Ref.) Low 2.09 (1.12–3.88) SMI Nonsarcopenic (Ref.) Sarcopenic 1.84 (0.90–3.76) Model 3 SATI High (Ref.) Low 3.00 (1.54–5.82) Weight loss (%) No weight loss (Ref.) >0%–<5% 0.90 (0.37–2.21) ≥5%–<10% 2.66 (1.12–6.35) ≥10% 2.18 (0.97–4.93) Model 4 SATI High (Ref.) Low 1.64 (0.81–3.34) Age <65 (Ref.) ≥65 1.80 (0.91–3.56) Histology Adenocarcinoma (Ref.) Squamous cell carcinoma 1.85 (0.82–4.17) Tumor–node–metastasis stage 1 (Ref.) 2 3.85 (0.79–18.8) 3 8.15 (1.76–37.6) 4 5.89 (1.20–29.0) Received surgery No (Ref.) Yes 0.22 (0.09–0.52)
Supplementary Data
- Supplementary Figure 1 - Supplementary Figure 1. Flowchart of the study participants.
Volume 30, Issue 1
