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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Patterns of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Dietary Intake and Melanoma Thickness at Diagnosis

Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Maria Celia B. Hughes, Kyoko Miura, Maryrose K. Malt, Lena von Schuckmann, Kiarash Khosrotehrani, B. Mark Smithers and Adèle C. Green
Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
1Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - School of Medicine, Universite Paris Sud - School of Medicine, Universite Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ); INSERM French National Institute for Health and Medical Research, Universite Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
2Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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Maria Celia B. Hughes
3Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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  • For correspondence: maricel.hughes@qimrberghofer.edu.au
Kyoko Miura
3Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
4Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Maryrose K. Malt
3Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Lena von Schuckmann
3Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
5School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Kiarash Khosrotehrani
6Experimental Dermatology Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
7Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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B. Mark Smithers
8Queensland Melanoma Project, Princess Alexandra Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Adèle C. Green
3Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
9CRUK Manchester and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0319 Published August 2020
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Abstract

Background: Experimental evidence suggests that dietary intakes of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have divergent effects on melanoma growth, but epidemiologic evidence on their combined effect is lacking.

Methods: In 634 Australian patients with primary melanoma, we assessed prediagnosis consumption of 39 food groups by food frequency questionnaires completed within 2 months of diagnosis. We derived, by reduced rank regression, dietary patterns that explained variability in selected omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intakes. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between tertiles of dietary patterns and melanoma thickness >2 mm versus ≤2 mm were estimated using Poisson regression.

Results: Overall omega-3 fatty acid intakes were low. Two major fatty acid dietary patterns were identified: “meat, fish, and fat,” positively correlated with intakes of all fatty acids; and “fish, low-meat, and low-fat,” positively correlated with long-chain omega-3 fatty acid intake, and inversely with medium-chain omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intakes. Prevalence of thick melanomas was significantly higher in those in the highest compared with lowest tertile of the “meat, fish, and fat” pattern (PR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.01–1.94), especially those with serious comorbidity (PR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.15–2.92) or a family history (PR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.00–5.35). The “fish, low-meat, and low-fat” pattern was not associated with melanoma thickness.

Conclusions: People with high meat, fish, and fat intakes, who thus consumed relatively high levels of omega-3 and high omega-6 fatty acid intakes, are more likely to be diagnosed with thick than thin melanomas.

Impact: High omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intakes may contribute to patients' presentation with thick melanomas.

Footnotes

  • Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Online (http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/).

  • Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29:1647–53

  • Received March 1, 2020.
  • Revision received April 5, 2020.
  • Accepted May 13, 2020.
  • Published first May 19, 2020.
  • ©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 29 (8)
August 2020
Volume 29, Issue 8
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Patterns of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Dietary Intake and Melanoma Thickness at Diagnosis
Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Maria Celia B. Hughes, Kyoko Miura, Maryrose K. Malt, Lena von Schuckmann, Kiarash Khosrotehrani, B. Mark Smithers and Adèle C. Green
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev August 1 2020 (29) (8) 1647-1653; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0319

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Patterns of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Dietary Intake and Melanoma Thickness at Diagnosis
Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, Maria Celia B. Hughes, Kyoko Miura, Maryrose K. Malt, Lena von Schuckmann, Kiarash Khosrotehrani, B. Mark Smithers and Adèle C. Green
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev August 1 2020 (29) (8) 1647-1653; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0319
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