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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Review

Intake or Blood Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Youngyo Kim and Jeongseon Kim
Youngyo Kim
Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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Jeongseon Kim
Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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  • For correspondence: jskim@ncc.re.kr
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0931 Published February 2020
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Abstract

Background: Previous results of the association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and colorectal cancer were inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Methods: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched through July 10, 2019, followed by a manual search. A random-effects model was used.

Results: Twenty prospective studies, including 18,102 cases and 1,360,046 participants, were included. The pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of n-3 PUFA intake was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90–1.04]. Regarding the type of n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes were inversely associated with 11% (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–0.99) and 12% (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81–0.96) lower colorectal cancer risks, respectively, in the comparison of the highest versus lowest category. Increments of 0.1 g/day of EPA (RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.98) and DHA (RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99) intakes were associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk. Regarding the blood levels of n-3 PUFAs, the pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of blood levels of n-3 PUFAs was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64–0.98). The risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 4% for every 1% increase in blood n-3 PUFA levels (RR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92–1.00).

Conclusions: High blood n-3 PUFA levels are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, and high n-3 PUFA intake is suggestively associated with lower colorectal cancer risk.

Impact: Our findings suggest that high blood n-3 PUFA levels may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, but further studies are needed.

Footnotes

  • Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Online (http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/).

  • Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29:288–99

  • Received August 6, 2019.
  • Revision received October 1, 2019.
  • Accepted November 20, 2019.
  • Published first November 25, 2019.
  • ©2019 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 29 (2)
February 2020
Volume 29, Issue 2
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Intake or Blood Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Youngyo Kim and Jeongseon Kim
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev February 1 2020 (29) (2) 288-299; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0931

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Intake or Blood Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Youngyo Kim and Jeongseon Kim
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev February 1 2020 (29) (2) 288-299; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-0931
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