A Prospective Study of Aspirin Use and Prostate Cancer Risk by TMPRSS2:ERG Status

DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0510 Published October 2018

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Characteristics of participants of the HPFS by aspirin use at baseline, standardized to the age distribution of the study population

Baseline characteristics, 1986	Nonusers of aspirin	Current users of aspirin
N	34,848	14,547
Frequency of aspirin use, mean (SD; d/mo)	0.0	8.6 (0.0)^a
Age, mean (SD; y)^b	53.7 (9.7)	56.5 (9.7)
BMI, mean (SD; kg/m²)	25.5 (3.3)	25.7 (3.5)
Family history of prostate cancer	12.0%	11.8%
Smoking status
Never smoker	45.7%	41.8%
Past smoker	39.6%	47.3%
Current smoker	9.3%	10.4%
Missing	5.4%	0.5%
Total physical activity, mean (SD; METS-h/wk)	18.8 (26.5)	18.6 (26.1)
Diabetes diagnosis	3.0%	3.6%
Cumulative incidence, by 2009
Prostate cancer diagnosis	12.5%	12.7%
Prostate cancer death	1.3%	1.1%
Overall mortality	27.7%	30.8%

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; METS, metabolic equivalent tasks.
↵^aThis increased to 26.3 days/month (mean; SD, 4.6) among current aspirin users in 2010.
↵^bNot adjusted for age.

Table 2.

ERG-positive and ERG-negative incident prostate cancer by aspirin use (fully adjusted model^a)

	No. of cases		HR (95% CI)
	ERG-positive	ERG-negative
Total	439	473	ERG-positive	ERG-negative
Categories of use
Never user	147	138	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Past user	107	114	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	1.04 (0.82–1.33)
Current user	185	221	1.03 (0.83–1.28)	1.11 (0.89–1.37)
			P_{heterogeneity} = 0.88
Current use
Never/past user	254	252	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Current user	185	221	1.02 (0.85–1.23)	1.09 (0.91–1.30)
			P_{heterogeneity} = 0.63
Ever use
Never user	147	138	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Ever user	292	335	1.03 (0.84–1.25)	1.08 (0.89–1.33)
			P_{heterogeneity} = 0.69
Duration of use since baseline
Non-aspirin user	147	138	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Aspirin use <5 years	134	149	1.00 (0.79–1.26)	1.17 (0.94–1.46)
Aspirin use 5–<10 years	90	92	1.11 (0.85–1.44)	0.98 (0.76–1.28)
Aspirin use 10 years+	68	94	0.96 (0.71–1.30)	1.03 (0.77–1.37)
			P_{heterogeneity} = 0.48
Per year of use	439	473	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)
			P_{heterogeneity} = 0.62
Frequency of use
Aspirin use <2 d/wk (never/past user)	254	252	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Aspirin use 2–<6 d/wk	72	81	0.94 (0.73–1.21)	1.05 (0.83–1.33)
Aspirin use 6+ d/wk	113	140	1.09 (0.87–1.37)	1.12 (0.90–1.39)
			P_{heterogeneity} = 0.82
Per d/wk of use	439	473	1.02 (0.98–1.05)	1.01 (0.98–1.05)
			P_{heterogeneity} = 0.93

Abbreviation: ref, reference category.
↵^aAdjusted for age, calendar time, race (Caucasian, other), family history of prostate cancer in father or brother (yes, no), height (≤68, >68–70, >70–72, >72 inches), body mass index (<21, 21–<25, 25–<30, 30+ kg/m²), body mass index at age 21 years (<20, 21–<25, 25–<30, 30+ kg/m²), physical activity (quintiles of metabolic equivalents-hours/week), smoking (never, former/quit >10 years ago, former/quit ≤10 years ago, current), history of diabetes (yes, no), time-varying current statin use (yes, no), PSA testing in the 2 years prior to the questionnaire date (yes, no; lagged by one period to avoid counting diagnostic PSA tests as screening), and PSA testing in >50% of possible time periods (yes, no; lagged by one period to avoid counting diagnostic PSA tests as screening).