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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

Vitamin D–Binding Protein and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Cohort

Alison M. Mondul, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Dominick Parisi, Caroline Y. Um, Marjorie L. McCullough and Demetrius Albanes
Alison M. Mondul
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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  • For correspondence: amondul@umich.edu
Stephanie J. Weinstein
2Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.
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Dominick Parisi
3Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland.
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Caroline Y. Um
4Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Marjorie L. McCullough
4Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Demetrius Albanes
2Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, Maryland.
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0263 Published October 2018
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Tables

  • Table 1.

    Selected characteristics [medians (interquartile range) or percent] for renal cell carcinoma case and control subjects in the CPS-II cohort

    ControlsCases
    Characteristics(n = 87)(n = 87)Pa
    Age, y70.4 (65.7–75.4)70.8 (66.5–75.4)Matched
    Male (%)64.464.4Matched
    Race
     White97.797.7Matched
    BMIb (kg/m2)25.1 (22.9–28.1)26.5 (24.0–28.7)0.10
    Smoking statusb
     Never47.535.80.31
     Former50.061.7
     Current2.52.5
    History of diabetesb (%)10.317.20.19
    History of kidney failurec (%)0.01.21.00
    Physical activityb (MET-h/wk)14.0 (7.0–24.5)14.0 (7.0–24.9)0.89
    College graduatec (%)47.752.90.17
    Intake/dayb
     Total energy (kcal)1,788 (1,488–2,147)1,778 (1,437–2,082)0.88
     Dietary vitamin D (IU)188 (148–283)179 (128–292)0.87
     Dietary calcium (mg)730 (583–1,112)744 (563–1,071)0.94
     Alcohol (drinks)0.10 (0–0.72)0.10 (0–0.75)0.98
    Use of dietary supplementsb (%)
     Vitamin D17.76.90.09
     Calcium38.236.10.80
    Family history of kidney cancerc2.30.00.50
    Family history of any other cancerb65.558.60.35
    • ↵aThe χ2 test or Fisher exact test (when cells have expected counts <5) for categorical variables and Wilcoxon test for continuous variables.

    • ↵bAssessed at the time closest to blood collection.

    • ↵cAssessed at baseline in 1982.

  • Table 2.

    Selected characteristics [medians (interquartile range) or percent] by quartile of circulating DBP concentration in the CPS-II cohort

    Q1Q2Q3Q4
    Characteristics(<272 μg/mL)(272–<294 μg/mL)(294–<334 μg/mL)(≥334 μg/mL)Pa
    Age, y71.6 (66.1–75.9)72.5 (68.3–76.0)70.1 (65.4–74.9)67.8 (64.0–73.8)0.06
    Male (%)74.072.664.138.20.003
    Race (%)
     White96.098.097.4100.00.69
    BMIb (kg/m2)27.3 (23.6–29.6)24.8 (23.0–27.4)25.1 (22.1–27.5)25.4 (23.2–28.2)0.09
    Smoking statusb (%)
     Never37.042.236.853.10.52
     Former63.055.657.943.8
     Current0.02.25.33.1
    History of diabetesb (%)22.013.712.82.90.10
    History of kidney failurec (%)0002.90.25
    Physical activityb (MET-h/wk)14.0 (7.0–26.5)14.0 (7.0–24.5)14.0 (7.0–24.0)13.9 (7.0–29.0)0.89
    College graduatec (%)62.051.038.545.50.77
    Intake/dayb
     Total energy (kcal)1,881 (1,445–2,254)1,842 (1,538–2,159)1,719 (1,378–2,082)1,628 (1,495–2,137)0.56
     Dietary vitamin D (IU)178 (141–283)183 (114–303)167 (125–283)188 (160–220)0.85
     Dietary calcium (mg)738 (630–945)786 (539–1,144)671 (500–1,133)742 (633–1,115)0.81
     Alcohol (drinks)0.17 (0–0.87)0.20 (0–1.13)0.07 (0–0.37)0.07 (0–0.60)0.38
    Use of dietary supplementsb (%)
     Vitamin D11.99.86.522.30.29
     Calcium36.625.642.948.30.21
    Family history of kidney cancerc (%)002.62.90.42
    Family history of any other cancerb (%)60.051.064.179.40.07
    • ↵aThe χ2 test or Fisher exact test (when cells have expected counts <5) for categorical variables and Wilcoxon test for continuous variables.

    • ↵bAssessed at the time closest to blood collection.

    • ↵cAssessed at baseline in 1982.

  • Table 3.

    Association between circulating DBP concentration and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the CPS-II cohort

    Q1Q2Q3Q4
    (<272 μg/mL)(272–<294 μg/mL)(294–<334 μg/mL)(≥334 μg/mL)Ptrend
    #Cases/#controls28/2229/2217/2213/21
    OR (95% CI)a1.0 (ref)0.86 (0.40–1.88)0.42 (0.16–1.12)0.29 (0.09–0.91)0.02
    OR (95% CI)b1.0 (ref)0.93 (0.41–2.11)0.42 (0.15–1.15)0.33 (0.10–1.06)0.03
    OR (95% CI)c1.0 (ref)0.98 (0.42–2.31)0.39 (0.14–1.08)0.36 (0.11–1.22)0.048
    OR (95% CI)d1.0 (ref)1.00 (0.42–2.38)0.36 (0.13–1.05)0.33 (0.09–1.16)0.041
    • ↵aConditioned on matching factors (age, sex, race, date of blood collection).

    • ↵bConditioned on matching factors (age, sex, race, date of blood collection); additionally adjusted for BMI.

    • ↵cConditioned on matching factors (age, sex, race, date of blood collection); additionally adjusted for BMI, supplemental vitamin D use, and family history of any cancer.

    • ↵dConditioned on matching factors (age, sex, race, date of blood collection); additionally adjusted for BMI, supplemental vitamin D use, family history of any cancer, and smoking status.

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 27 (10)
October 2018
Volume 27, Issue 10
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Vitamin D–Binding Protein and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Cohort
Alison M. Mondul, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Dominick Parisi, Caroline Y. Um, Marjorie L. McCullough and Demetrius Albanes
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2018 (27) (10) 1203-1207; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0263

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Vitamin D–Binding Protein and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Cohort
Alison M. Mondul, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Dominick Parisi, Caroline Y. Um, Marjorie L. McCullough and Demetrius Albanes
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev October 1 2018 (27) (10) 1203-1207; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0263
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