Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Flowchart for articles selection.
Tables
- Table 1.
Characteristics of studies on night shift work and prostate cancer risk
Author, country Study design, population Number of prostate cancer Data collection Adjusted covariables Exposure definition Risk estimate (95% CI) Parent et al. (2012), Québec, Canada Population-based case-control study 400 cases512 controls Face-to-face interview Age, ancestry, educational level, family income, smoking, alcohol, BMI, farming, occupational physical activity Shift work Night work: working between 1:00 AM and 2:00 AM for at least 6 months OR = 2.77 (1.96–3.92) Gaptsur et al. (2014), United States Cancer Prevention Study–II cohort American Cancer Society volunteers friends, neighbors, and relatives 4,974 cases Self-administered questionnaire Age, race, education, BMI, smoking history, family history of prostate cancer, and frequent or painful urination Fixed night shift = 9:00 PM to 12:00 PMRotating shift RR = 0.72 (0.44–1.18)RR = 1.08 (0.95–1.22) Yong et al. (2014), Germany Cohort Study of male chemical production workers 337 cases Personnel files Occupational health records Age, smoking, professional status, and duration of employment Shift patterns = "3 × 12 hours" or "4 × 12 hours" in which workers alternate day shifts, night shifts, and free periods HR = 0.93 (0.71–1.21) Papantoniou et al. (2015), Spain Population-based case-control study 1,095 cases 1,338 controls Face-to-face and phone interviews Age, family history of prostate cancer, leisure, time physical activity, smoking status, past sun exposure, meat consumption, center, and educational level Night shift = partly or entirely between 00:00 AM and 06:00 AM at least three times per month OR = 1.14 (0.94–1.37) Dickerman et al. (2016), Finland Prospective cohort study of Finnish same-sex twin pairs 602 cases Mailed questionnaire Age, education, BMI, physical activity, social class, social class, smoking status, alcohol use, snoring, zygosity, chronotype Last or current work Fixed night Rotating shift HR = 0.50 (0.10–1.90) HR = 1.00 (0.70–1.20) Rao et al. (2015) Meta-analysis 9,669 cases Night shift work RR = 1.24 (1.05–1.46) Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.
- Table 2.
Characteristics of studies on sleep patterns and prostate cancer risk
Author, country Study design, population Number of prostate cancer Data collection Adjusted covariables Exposure definition Risk estimate (95% CI) Sigurdardottir et al. (2013), Iceland AGES-Reykjavik prospective cohort study 135 cases Self-administered questionnaire Age at study entry, family history of PCA, visit to doctor during previous 12 months, injury or health check-up, level of education, smoking status, alcohol use, diagnosis of benign prostate disease, BMI Q1: Taking medication for sleep HR = 1.70 (1.0–2.9) Q2: Difficulty falling asleep within 30 minutes HR = 2.2 (1.2–3.9) Q3: Waking up during the night and having difficulty falling back asleep Q4: Waking up early in the morning and having difficulty falling back asleep Severe sleep problem= Q1+Q2+Q3 Very severe sleep problem= Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4 Gaptsur et al. (2014), United States Cancer Prevention Study–II cohort American Cancer Society volunteers friends, neighbors, and relatives 4,974 cases Self-administered questionnaire Age, race, education, BMI, smoking history, family history of prostate cancer, and frequent or painful urination 3–5 hours per night 6 hours per night RR = 1.64 (1.06–2.54) RR=1.28 (0.98–1.67) Markt et al. (2015a), United States Health Professional Follow-up Study (HPFS) 4,261 cases Self-administered questionnaire Age, race, vigorous activity level, smoking, diabetes, family history of PCA, snoring status, multivitamin use, energy intake, history of PSA testing, beta-blocker use, marital status, coffee intake, alcohol intake, number of urination per night ≥ 10 hours per night Never feeling rested when wake up RR = 0.70 (0.50–0.99) RR = 3.05 (1.15–8.10) Markt et al. (2015b), Sweden National Cohort 785 cases Self-administered questionnaire Age, BMI, employment status, snoring, smoking, alcohol use, depressive symptoms, physical activity, coffee intake, multivitamin use, diabetes Poor restorative power of sleep HR = 1.23 (0.93–1.62) Dickerman et al. (2016), Finland Prospective cohort study of Finnish same-sex twin pairs 602 cases Mailed questionnaire Age, education, BMI, physical activity, social class, social class, smoking status, alcohol use, snoring, zygosity, chronotype 8 hours per night HR = 0.90 (0.70–1.20) Fairly poor/poor quality of sleep HR = 1.00 (0.7–1.3) Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PCA, prostate cancer.
- Table 3.
Characteristics of studies on circadian genes and prostate cancer risk
Author, country Study design, population Number of prostate cancer Data collection Adjusted covariables Exposure definition Risk estimate (95% CI) Chu et al. (2008), China Population-based case-control study 187 cases 242 controls Face-to-face interview Blood sample for DNA genotyping Age 5 variants in 5 circadian genes OR = 1.70 (1.1–2.7) PER3 (54-base pair repeat length variant) CRY2 (rs1401417:G>C) CSNK1E (rs1005473:A>C) NPAS2 (rs2305160:G) PER1 (rs2585405:G>C) Zhu et al. (2009), Washington, United States Population-based case-control study in residents of King County in Washington 1,308 cases 1,266 controls Face-to-face interview Blood sample for DNA genotyping Age, family history of PCA Genotyping of 41 tag-SNPs in 10 circadian genes OR = 0.52 (0.30–0.91) PER1, PER2, PER3 OR = 0.62 (0.38–1.01) CSNK1E CRY1, CRY2 ARNTL (rs 969485) CLOCK NPAS2 (rs10206435) TIMELESS Markt et al (2015c) Meta-analysis of 3 cohort studies: AGES-Reykjavik, HPFS (United States), Physician Health Study (United States) 283 cases Blood sample for DNA genotyping _ Genotyping of 12 circadian genes PER1, PER2, PER3 CSNK1E CRY1, CRY2 ARNTL CLOCK NPAS2 TIMELESS MTNR1A, MTNR1B OR = 0.92 (0.71–1.19) OR = 1.00 (0.59–1.68) Abbreviation: PCA, prostate cancer.
July 2017
Volume 26, Issue 7
Volume 26, Issue 7
Circadian Disruption and Prostate Cancer Risk: An Updated Review of Epidemiological Evidences
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