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Circadian Disruption and Prostate Cancer Risk: An Updated Review of Epidemiological Evidences

Méyomo G. Wendeu-Foyet and Florence Menegaux
Méyomo G. Wendeu-Foyet
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and Environment, Villejuif, France.
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Florence Menegaux
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and Environment, Villejuif, France.
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  • For correspondence: florence.menegaux@inserm.fr
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1030 Published July 2017
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  • Table 1.

    Characteristics of studies on night shift work and prostate cancer risk

    Author, countryStudy design, populationNumber of prostate cancerData collectionAdjusted covariablesExposure definitionRisk estimate (95% CI)
    Parent et al. (2012), Québec, CanadaPopulation-based case-control study400 cases512 controlsFace-to-face interviewAge, ancestry, educational level, family income, smoking, alcohol, BMI, farming, occupational physical activityShift work Night work: working between 1:00 AM and 2:00 AM for at least 6 monthsOR = 2.77 (1.96–3.92)
    Gaptsur et al. (2014), United StatesCancer Prevention Study–II cohort American Cancer Society volunteers friends, neighbors, and relatives4,974 casesSelf-administered questionnaireAge, race, education, BMI, smoking history, family history of prostate cancer, and frequent or painful urinationFixed night shift = 9:00 PM to 12:00 PMRotating shiftRR = 0.72 (0.44–1.18)RR = 1.08 (0.95–1.22)
    Yong et al. (2014), GermanyCohort Study of male chemical production workers337 casesPersonnel files Occupational health recordsAge, smoking, professional status, and duration of employmentShift patterns = "3 × 12 hours" or "4 × 12 hours" in which workers alternate day shifts, night shifts, and free periodsHR = 0.93 (0.71–1.21)
    Papantoniou et al. (2015), SpainPopulation-based case-control study1,095 cases 1,338 controlsFace-to-face and phone interviewsAge, family history of prostate cancer, leisure, time physical activity, smoking status, past sun exposure, meat consumption, center, and educational levelNight shift = partly or entirely between 00:00 AM and 06:00 AM at least three times per monthOR = 1.14 (0.94–1.37)
    Dickerman et al. (2016), FinlandProspective cohort study of Finnish same-sex twin pairs602 casesMailed questionnaireAge, education, BMI, physical activity, social class, social class, smoking status, alcohol use, snoring, zygosity, chronotypeLast or current work Fixed night Rotating shiftHR = 0.50 (0.10–1.90) HR = 1.00 (0.70–1.20)
    Rao et al. (2015)Meta-analysis9,669 casesNight shift workRR = 1.24 (1.05–1.46)

    Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

    • Table 2.

      Characteristics of studies on sleep patterns and prostate cancer risk

      Author, countryStudy design, populationNumber of prostate cancerData collectionAdjusted covariablesExposure definitionRisk estimate (95% CI)
      Sigurdardottir et al. (2013), IcelandAGES-Reykjavik prospective cohort study135 casesSelf-administered questionnaireAge at study entry, family history of PCA, visit to doctor during previous 12 months, injury or health check-up, level of education, smoking status, alcohol use, diagnosis of benign prostate disease, BMIQ1: Taking medication for sleepHR = 1.70 (1.0–2.9)
      Q2: Difficulty falling asleep within 30 minutesHR = 2.2 (1.2–3.9)
      Q3: Waking up during the night and having difficulty falling back asleep
      Q4: Waking up early in the morning and having difficulty falling back asleep
      Severe sleep problem= Q1+Q2+Q3
      Very severe sleep problem= Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4
      Gaptsur et al. (2014), United StatesCancer Prevention Study–II cohort American Cancer Society volunteers friends, neighbors, and relatives4,974 casesSelf-administered questionnaireAge, race, education, BMI, smoking history, family history of prostate cancer, and frequent or painful urination3–5 hours per night 6 hours per nightRR = 1.64 (1.06–2.54) RR=1.28 (0.98–1.67)
      Markt et al. (2015a), United StatesHealth Professional Follow-up Study (HPFS)4,261 casesSelf-administered questionnaireAge, race, vigorous activity level, smoking, diabetes, family history of PCA, snoring status, multivitamin use, energy intake, history of PSA testing, beta-blocker use, marital status, coffee intake, alcohol intake, number of urination per night≥ 10 hours per night Never feeling rested when wake upRR = 0.70 (0.50–0.99) RR = 3.05 (1.15–8.10)
      Markt et al. (2015b), SwedenNational Cohort785 casesSelf-administered questionnaireAge, BMI, employment status, snoring, smoking, alcohol use, depressive symptoms, physical activity, coffee intake, multivitamin use, diabetesPoor restorative power of sleepHR = 1.23 (0.93–1.62)
      Dickerman et al. (2016), FinlandProspective cohort study of Finnish same-sex twin pairs602 casesMailed questionnaireAge, education, BMI, physical activity, social class, social class, smoking status, alcohol use, snoring, zygosity, chronotype8 hours per nightHR = 0.90 (0.70–1.20)
      Fairly poor/poor quality of sleepHR = 1.00 (0.7–1.3)

      Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PCA, prostate cancer.

      • Table 3.

        Characteristics of studies on circadian genes and prostate cancer risk

        Author, countryStudy design, populationNumber of prostate cancerData collectionAdjusted covariablesExposure definitionRisk estimate (95% CI)
        Chu et al. (2008), ChinaPopulation-based case-control study187 cases 242 controlsFace-to-face interview Blood sample for DNA genotypingAge5 variants in 5 circadian genesOR = 1.70 (1.1–2.7)
        PER3 (54-base pair repeat length variant)
        CRY2 (rs1401417:G>C)
        CSNK1E (rs1005473:A>C)
        NPAS2 (rs2305160:G)
        PER1 (rs2585405:G>C)
        Zhu et al. (2009), Washington, United StatesPopulation-based case-control study in residents of King County in Washington1,308 cases 1,266 controlsFace-to-face interview Blood sample for DNA genotypingAge, family history of PCAGenotyping of 41 tag-SNPs in 10 circadian genesOR = 0.52 (0.30–0.91)
        PER1, PER2, PER3OR = 0.62 (0.38–1.01)
        CSNK1E
        CRY1, CRY2
        ARNTL (rs 969485)
        CLOCK
        NPAS2 (rs10206435)
        TIMELESS
        Markt et al (2015c)Meta-analysis of 3 cohort studies: AGES-Reykjavik, HPFS (United States), Physician Health Study (United States)283 casesBlood sample for DNA genotyping_Genotyping of 12 circadian genes PER1, PER2, PER3 CSNK1E CRY1, CRY2 ARNTL CLOCK NPAS2 TIMELESS MTNR1A, MTNR1BOR = 0.92 (0.71–1.19) OR = 1.00 (0.59–1.68)

        Abbreviation: PCA, prostate cancer.

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        Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 26 (7)
        July 2017
        Volume 26, Issue 7
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        Circadian Disruption and Prostate Cancer Risk: An Updated Review of Epidemiological Evidences
        Méyomo G. Wendeu-Foyet and Florence Menegaux
        Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev July 1 2017 (26) (7) 985-991; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1030

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        Circadian Disruption and Prostate Cancer Risk: An Updated Review of Epidemiological Evidences
        Méyomo G. Wendeu-Foyet and Florence Menegaux
        Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev July 1 2017 (26) (7) 985-991; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-1030
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