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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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An Epidemiologic Review of Marijuana and Cancer: An Update

Yu-Hui Jenny Huang, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Donald P. Tashkin, Bingjian Feng, Kurt Straif and Mia Hashibe
Yu-Hui Jenny Huang
1Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Zuo-Feng Zhang
2Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California.
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Donald P. Tashkin
3David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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Bingjian Feng
4Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Kurt Straif
5International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Mia Hashibe
1Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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  • For correspondence: mia.hashibe@utah.edu
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1026 Published January 2015
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Abstract

Marijuana use is legal in two states and additional states are considering legalization. Approximately 18 million Americans are current marijuana users. There is currently no consensus on whether marijuana use is associated with cancer risk. Our objective is to review the epidemiologic studies on this possible association. We identified 34 epidemiologic studies on upper aerodigestive tract cancers (n = 11), lung cancer (n = 6), testicular cancer (n = 3), childhood cancers (n = 6), all cancers (n = 1), anal cancer (n = 1), penile cancer (n = 1), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 2), malignant primary gliomas (n = 1), bladder cancer (n = 1), and Kaposi sarcoma (n = 1). Studies on head and neck cancer reported increased and decreased risks, possibly because there is no association, or because risks differ by human papillomavirus status or geographic differences. The lung cancer studies largely appear not to support an association with marijuana use, possibly because of the smaller amounts of marijuana regularly smoked compared with tobacco. Three testicular cancer case–control studies reported increased risks with marijuana use [summary ORs, 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–2.23 for higher frequency and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.08–2.09) for ≥10 years]. For other cancer sites, there is still insufficient data to make any conclusions. Considering that marijuana use may change due to legalization, well-designed studies on marijuana use and cancer are warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 15–31. ©2015 AACR.

  • Received September 3, 2014.
  • Revision received October 6, 2014.
  • Accepted October 6, 2014.
  • ©2015 American Association for Cancer Research.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 24 (1)
January 2015
Volume 24, Issue 1
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An Epidemiologic Review of Marijuana and Cancer: An Update
Yu-Hui Jenny Huang, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Donald P. Tashkin, Bingjian Feng, Kurt Straif and Mia Hashibe
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev January 1 2015 (24) (1) 15-31; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1026

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An Epidemiologic Review of Marijuana and Cancer: An Update
Yu-Hui Jenny Huang, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Donald P. Tashkin, Bingjian Feng, Kurt Straif and Mia Hashibe
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev January 1 2015 (24) (1) 15-31; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-1026
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