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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

A Prospective Study of Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Incidence in African-American Women

Lynn Rosenberg, Julie R. Palmer, Traci N. Bethea, Yulun Ban, Kristen Kipping-Ruane and Lucile L. Adams-Campbell
Lynn Rosenberg
1Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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  • For correspondence: lrosenbe@bu.edu
Julie R. Palmer
1Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Traci N. Bethea
1Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Yulun Ban
1Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Kristen Kipping-Ruane
1Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Lucile L. Adams-Campbell
2Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0448 Published November 2014
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

  • Table 1.

    Vigorous exercise at baseline according to baseline characteristics (age-standardized)

    H/wk
    Characteristics<11–4≥5
    Number of women22,76014,6385,399
    Age, %
     30–39375154
     40–49373433
     50–59181210
     ≥60833
    BMI, mean29.427.626.7
    ≥16 years of education, %405148
    Age at menarche ≤ 11, %282726
    Nulliparous, %242930
    First birth before age 20, %272225
    Recent oral contraceptive user, %323333
    Female hormone user, %192019
    Premenopausal, %707171
    Age at menopause < 45, %212020
    Family history of breast cancer, %778
    Cigarette smoking, %
     Never smoked586058
     <20 pack years303131
     ≥20 pack years1088
    Alcohol consumption, %
     Never drank585655
     <7 drinks/d353736
     ≥7 drinks/d668
    Vegetable/fruit pattern, top quintile, %152533
    Meat/fried foods pattern, top quintile, %231613
    Any walking for exercise at baseline
     <1 h/wk572720
     ≥5 h/wk81341
    Brisk walking for exercise at baseline
     <1 h/wk877164
     ≥5 h/wk3619
    Vigorous exercise at age 30
     ≥5 h/wk91960
    Vigorous exercise at age 21
     ≥5 h/wk183253
    Vigorous exercise in high school
     ≥5 h/wk284562
    Sitting watching TV at baseline
     <1 h/d101313
     ≥5 h/d171115
    Sitting at work at baseline
     <1 h/d201618
     ≥5 h/d485050
  • Table 2.

    Vigorous exercise at baseline in relation to incidence of breast cancer overall and ER+ and ER− breast cancer

    All breast cancerER+ breast cancerER− breast cancer
    h/wkCasesPerson-yearsIRRa (95% CI)CasesIRR (95% CI)CasesIRR (95% CI)
    <1773313,9001.00 (Ref.)3821.00 (Ref.)2281.00 (Ref.)
    111762,9390.85 (0.70–1.03)590.86 (0.66–1.14)350.83 (0.58–1.18)
    214967,0810.99 (0.83–1.19)761.00 (0.78–1.29)451.00 (0.72–1.38)
    3–415977,2430.94 (0.79–1.12)840.98 (0.77–1.25)450.88 (0.63–1.22)
    5–66935,7930.89 (0.69–1.14)360.92 (0.65–1.30)230.97 (0.63–1.50)
    ≥76339,5930.74 (0.57–0.96)320.75 (0.52–1.09)220.85 (0.55–1.33)
    Ptrend = 0.05Ptrend = 0.28Ptrend = 0.43
    • ↵aIRRs adjusted for age (single year), time period (questionnaire cycle), years of education (≤12, 13–15, 16, ≥17), parity (0, 1, 2, ≥3), vegetable/fruit dietary pattern (quintiles), and meat/fried foods dietary pattern (quintiles)

  • Table 3.

    Brisk walking at baseline in relation to breast cancer overall, ER+, and ER− breast cancer

    All breast cancerER+ breast cancerER− breast cancer
    h/wkCasesPerson-yearsIRRa (95% CI)CasesIRR (95% CI)CasesIRR (95% CI)
    <11,086470,6381.00 (Ref.)5441.00 (Ref.)3101.00 (Ref.)
    16731,6430.96 (0.75–1.22)361.02 (0.72–1.43)231.10 (0.72–1.68)
    25932,6620.79 (0.61–1.03)340.88 (0.62–1.25)140.63 (0.37–1.08)
    3–47837,8840.88 (0.69–1.11)360.77 (0.55–1.09)301.17 (0.79–1.71)
    5–64020,2990.84 (0.61–1.16)200.80 (0.51–1.27)161.14 (0.68–1.90)
    7+2917,0570.77 (0.53–1.13)160.83 (0.50–1.38)100.88 (0.46–1.68)
    Ptrend = 0.02Ptrend = 0.08Ptrend = 0.98

    NOTE: Walking defined as brisk based on fairly brisk or brisk pace reported on the 2003 or 2005 questionnaire

    • ↵aIRRs adjusted for age (single year), time period (questionnaire cycle), BMI (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), years of education (≤12, 13–15, 16, ≥17), parity (0, 1, 2, ≥3), vegetable/fruit dietary pattern (quintiles), meat/fried foods dietary pattern (quintiles), and vigorous exercise (<1, 1–4, ≥5 h/wk).

  • Table 4.

    Vigorous exercise at baseline in relation to incidence of breast cancer by age, BMI, parity, family history of breast cancer, menopausal status, and age

    h/wkCasesIRRa (95% CI)CasesIRR (95% CI)Pinteraction
    Age < 50Age ≥ 50
    <12871.00 (Ref.)4861.00 (Ref.)
    1550.77 (0.58–1.03)620.90 (0.69–1.18)
    2630.84 (0.64–1.11)861.12 (0.88–1.41)
    3–4750.83 (0.64–1.08)841.02 (0.80–1.29)
    5–6310.74 (0.51–1.08)381.02 (0.73–1.43)
    ≥7260.57 (0.38–0.86)370.91 (0.65–1.27)
    Ptrend = 0.003Ptrend = 0.980.44
    BMI < 30BMI ≥ 30
    <14181.00 (Ref.)3501.00 (Ref.)
    1710.86 (0.67–1.11)450.83 (0.61–1.13)
    21011.09 (0.88–1.36)480.85 (0.62–1.15)
    3–41100.98 (0.79–1.21)490.88 (0.65–1.19)
    5–6500.96 (0.71–1.30)180.74 (0.46–1.19)
    ≥7410.73 (0.53–1.01)220.81 (0.52–1.25)
    Ptrend = 0.24Ptrend = 0.080.28
    NulliparousParous
    <11371.00 (Ref.)6361.00 (Ref.)
    1190.69 (0.40–1.04)980.90 (0.73–1.12)
    2290.82 (0.54–1.23)1201.05 (0.86–1.28)
    3–4481.12 (0.80–1.59)1110.87 (0.71–1.07)
    5–6160.79 (0.46–1.34)530.92 (0.69–1.23)
    ≥7180.70 (0.48–1.31)450.72 (0.53–0.97)
    Ptrend = 0.55Ptrend = 0.050.26
    Family history: yesFamily history: no
    <11231.00 (Ref.)6501.00 (Ref.)
    1160.73 (0.43–1.24)1010.87 (0.70–1.07)
    2231.04 (0.66–1.64)1260.99 (0.82–1.20)
    3–4281.05 (0.68–1.60)1310.91 (0.75–1.11)
    5–6110.88 (0.47–1.65)580.89 (0.68–1.17)
    ≥7100.75 (0.39–1.44)530.74 (0.56–0.99)
    Ptrend = 0.59Ptrend = 0.050.97
    PremenopausalPostmenopausal
    <12381.00 (Ref.)4251.00 (Ref.)
    1520.88 (0.65–1.19)470.81 (0.60–1.09)
    2630.99 (0.75–1.31)651.01 (0.78–1.31)
    3–4740.99 (0.76–1.29)650.94 (0.72–1.22)
    5–6320.89 (0.61–1.30)270.85 (0.60–1.33)
    ≥7240.64 (0.42–0.98)320.94 (0.66–1.36)
    Ptrend = 0.13Ptrend = 0.550.76
    • ↵aIRRs adjusted for age (single year), questionnaire cycle, years of education (≤12, 13–14, 16, ≥17), parity (0, 1, 2, ≥3), vegetable/fruit dietary pattern (quintiles), and meat/fried foods dietary pattern (quintiles).

  • Table 5.

    Sitting watching TV and sitting at work in 1995 in relation to incidence of breast cancer overall and ER+ and ER− breast cancer

    All breast cancerER+ breast cancerER− breast cancer
    h/dCasesPerson-yearsIRRa (95% CI)CasesIRR (95% CI)CasesIRR (95% CI)
    TV
     <115872,7481.00 (Ref.)841.00 (Ref.)431.00 (Ref.)
     1–2540236,3421.05 (0.88–1.26)2881.06 (0.83–1.35)1611.18 (0.84–1.65)
     3–4430206,3620.97 (0.80–1.16)2120.90 (0.70–1.17)1281.09 (0.77–1.55)
     5+20586,3671.13 (0.91–1.40)880.94 (0.69–1.28)671.39 (0.94–2.07)
    Ptrend = 0.66Ptrend = 0.25Ptrend = 0.24
    Work
     <1260110,8371.00 (Ref.)1361.00 (Ref.)711.00 (Ref.)
     1–216470,8111.06 (0.87–1.30)891.06 (0.80–1.39)481.10 (0.76–1.60)
     3–4257105,1761.15 (0.96–1.37)1461.19 (0.94–1.52)560.89 (0.62–1.27)
     5+635301,2211.05 (0.90–1.22)2940.92 (0.74–1.13)2111.19 (0.90–1.57)
    Ptrend = 0.68Ptrend = 0.26Ptrend = 0.21
    • ↵aIRRs adjusted for age (single year), time period (questionnaire cycle), BMI (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), years of education (≤12, 13–15, 16, ≥17), parity (0, 1, 2, ≥3), vegetable/fruit dietary pattern (quintiles), meat/fried foods dietary pattern (quintiles), and vigorous activity; sitting watching TV adjusted for sitting at work and vice versa.

  • Table 6.

    Vigorous exercise together with combined sitting watching TV and sitting at work in 1995 in relation to incidence of breast cancer overall and ER+ and ER− breast cancer

    All breast cancerER+ breast cancerER− breast cancer
    h/wk Exerciseh/d SittingCasesPerson-yearsIRRa (95% CI)CasesPerson-yearsIRR (95% CI)CasesPerson-yearsIRR (95% CI)
    <1<518472,6461.14 (0.78–1.66)9872,5460.89 (0.57–1.42)4872,4971.45 (0.65–3.22)
    <15–9352139,4611.24 (0.87–1.78)180139,2680.93 (0.60–1.45)104139,2001.73 (0.80–3.72)
    <110+20083,6251.22 (0.84–1.78)8683,4950.79 (0.49–1.26)6683,4771.89 (0.86–4.16)
    1–4<510446,3941.12 (0.75–1.65)6046,3460.94 (0.58–1.52)2446,3061.20 (0.51–2.78)
    1–45–9206101,3051.11 (0.77–1.61)109101,2020.86 (0.55–1.35)59101,1541.46 (0.66–3.19)
    1–410+9650,5551.10 (0.74–1.64)4150,4960.69 (0.41–1.16)3450,4891.80 (0.79–4.07)
    5+<53316,8241.00 (Ref.)2316,8141.00 (Ref.)716,7921.00 (Ref.)
    5+5–96034,8560.96 (0.63–1.47)2734,8160.63 (0.36–1.10)2434,8121.76 (0.76–4.09)
    5+10+2920,1770.85 (0.51–1.40)1420,1590.62 (0.32–1.20)920,1541.18 (0.44–3.18)
    • ↵aIRRs adjusted for age (single year), time period (questionnaire cycle), BMI (<25, 25–29, ≥30 kg/m2), years of education (≤12, 13–15, 16, ≥17), parity (0, 1, 2, ≥3), vegetable/fruit dietary pattern (quintiles), and meat/fried foods dietary pattern (quintiles).

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 23 (11)
November 2014
Volume 23, Issue 11
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A Prospective Study of Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Incidence in African-American Women
Lynn Rosenberg, Julie R. Palmer, Traci N. Bethea, Yulun Ban, Kristen Kipping-Ruane and Lucile L. Adams-Campbell
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2014 (23) (11) 2522-2531; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0448

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A Prospective Study of Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Incidence in African-American Women
Lynn Rosenberg, Julie R. Palmer, Traci N. Bethea, Yulun Ban, Kristen Kipping-Ruane and Lucile L. Adams-Campbell
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev November 1 2014 (23) (11) 2522-2531; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0448
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