Lung Cancer Incidence Trends by Histology Type among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Populations in the United States, 1990–2010

Iona Cheng; Gem M. Le; Anne-Michelle Noone; Kathleen Gali; Manali Patel; Robert W. Haile; Heather A. Wakelee; Scarlett L. Gomez

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0493

DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0493 Published November 2014

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Figure 1.
Male trends of lung cancer incidence rates and APC by race/ethnicity and histological cell type, 1990–2010, United States.
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Figure 2.
Female trends of lung cancer incidence rates and APC by race/ethnicity and histologic cell type, 1990–2010, United States.

Table 1.

Annual population estimates and percentages, nativity, and language for each Asian American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander population, and non-Hispanic Whites by SEER Registry Geographic Region and Census Year (1990, 2000, and 2010)

	White non-Hispanic	Chinese	Japanese	Filipino	Vietnamese	Korean	Native Hawaiian	Kampuchean	Laotian	Samoan	Asian Indian, Pakistani
1990
All SEER regions	38,062,478	943,014	660,378	1,040,610	345,004	391,190	248,722	89,112	81,419	49,684	319,350
California^a	44.9%	78.4%	49.5%	73.9%	85.8%	69.8%	14.6%	81.2%	75.7%	68.2%	56.8%
Connecticut	7.2%	1.2%	<1%	<1%	1.2%	1.4%	<1%	2.0%	3.8%	<1%	4.1%
Atlanta (metropolitan)	3.7%	1.0%	<1%	<1%	1.7%	2.5%	<1%	2.3%	3.6%	<1%	2.5%
Hawaii	<1%	7.3%	39.7%	14.7%	1.6%	5.2%	82.4%	<1%	2.1%	19.6%	<1%
Iowa	7.0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	1.2%	<1%	<1%	4.1%	<1%	1.1%
Detroit (metropolitan)	7.4%	1.0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	1.7%	<1%	<1%	1.1%	<1%	5.7%
New Jersey	15.1%	6.4%	2.7%	5.2%	2.2%	10.1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	27.6%
New Mexico	2.0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%
Utah	4.1%	<1%	1.0%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	1.2%	2.2%	3.3%	<1%
Seattle (Puget Sound)	7.7%	3.3%	4.6%	4.0%	4.9%	7.0%	1.7%	11.8%	6.1%	7.9%	1.7%
2000
% Foreign-born^b	—	63.9%	29.2%	55.8%	73.5%	69.9%	1.9%	64.4%	65.8%	16.6%	73.0%
% Limited English^c,^d	—	45.0%	20.7%	20.5%	60.5%	46.0%	3.3%	52.6%	51.6%	16.2%	23.9%
All SEER regions	37,943,386	1,396,938	660,856	1,420,523	591,877	557,799	293,023	100,909	85,658	75,620	685,041
California^a	43.1%	75.6%	52.2%	71.6%	79.3%	65.2%	13.9%	77.2%	70.9%	58.2%	53.2%
Connecticut	7.0%	1.5%	<1%	<1%	1.4%	1.4%	<1%	2.6%	3.6%	<1%	4.1%
Atlanta (metropolitan)	4.0%	1.6%	<1%	<1%	4.1%	3.9%	<1%	2.8%	4.0%	<1%	4.2%
Hawaii	<1%	6.4%	34.6%	14.1%	1.5%	5.1%	81.8%	<1%	2.5%	21.4%	<1%
Iowa	7.2%	<1%	<1%	<1%	1.3%	1.0%	<1%	<1%	5.2%	<1%	<1%
Detroit (metropolitan)	7.3%	1.3%	1.1%	1.0%	<1%	1.6%	<1%	<1%	1.4%	<1%	6.6%
New Jersey	14.9%	7.6%	2.6%	6.4%	2.7%	12.2%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	27.8%
New Mexico	2.2%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0.6%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%
Utah	5.1%	<1%	1.2%	<1%	1.1%	<1%	<1%	1.5%	2.9%	7.4%	<1%
Seattle (Puget Sound)	8.6%	4.4%	6.0%	5.1%	7.3%	8.4%	2.4%	14.0%	8.4%	10.9%	2.6%
2010
% Foreign-born^b	—	61.2%	27.4%	52.8%	63.6%	64.6%	1.3%	55.3%	54.4%	10.4%	69.5%
% Limited English^c,^d	—	41.0%	17.3%	18.2%	50.3%	40.9%	1.7%	41.7%	40.0%	11.7%	22.2%
All SEER regions	36,786,858	1,764,410	715,300	1,793,997	788,310	729,707	392,188	125,941	92,331	95,658	1,179,826
California^a	42.1%	77.0%	49.3%	74.8%	78.3%	65.9%	12.3%	75.1%	69.4%	53.3%	51.9%
Connecticut	7.0%	1.9%	<1%	<1%	1.3%	1.5%	<1%	2.4%	4.0%	<1%	4.7%
Atlanta (metropolitan)	3.8%	2.0%	<1%	<1%	4.4%	5.6%	<1%	3.0%	4.0%	<1%	4.3%
Hawaii	<1%	2.4%	37.5%	9.5%	1.5%	1.0%	83.1%	<1%	2.4%	19.1%	<1%
Iowa	7.4%	<1%	<1%	<1%	1.1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	5.7%	<1%	1.1%
Detroit (metropolitan)	6.9%	1.3%	1.1%	1.0%	<1%	1.5%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	5.5%
New Jersey	14.4%	8.1%	2.3%	6.7%	2.8%	13.4%	<1%	1.2%	<1%	<1%	28.0%
New Mexico	2.3%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0.6%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%
Utah	6.1%	<1%	1.3%	<1%	1.1%	<1%	1.1%	1.7%	3.1%	11.3%	<1%
Seattle (Puget Sound)	9.2%	5.5%	6.2%	5.7%	8.0%	8.9%	2.3%	15.2%	9.2%	14.8%	4.1%
New Mexico	2.2%	<1%	<1%	<1%	0.6%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%	<1%
Utah	5.1%	<1%	1.2%	<1%	1.1%	<1%	<1%	1.5%	2.9%	7.4%	<1%
Seattle (Puget Sound)	8.6%	4.4%	6.0%	5.1%	7.3%	8.4%	2.4%	14.0%	8.4%	10.9%	2.6%

↵^aIncluding Los Angeles, San Francisco/Oakland and San Jose/Monterey, and the Greater California registries.
↵^bSource: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 4, Matrices PCT38 (language), and PCT43 (nativity) for Asian detailed group or Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone or in any combination; Chinese definition includes Taiwanese.
↵^cSource: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006–2010 American Community Survey for Asian detailed group or Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone or in any combination; Chinese definition includes Taiwanese.
↵^dSpeak English less than “very well”; among population 5 years and over.

Table 2.

Characteristics of incident lung cancer cases by Asian American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander population, and non-Hispanic Whites and sex, 1990–2010^a

Characteristics	NHW	Chinese	Japanese	Filipino	Vietnamese	Korean	Native Hawaiian	Kampuchean	Laotian	Samoan	Asian Indian, Pakistani
Total	622,974	9,847	7,092	10,457	3,513	2,884	2,800	374	376	453	1,162
Men	333,540	5,817	4,018	6,801	2,334	1,695	1,598	234	263	300	800
	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)
Year of diagnosis
1990–1992	51,732 (15.5)	633 (10.9)	523 (13)	680 (10)	155 (7.4)	164 (9.7)	215 (13.5)	20 (8.6)	33 (12.6)	36 (12)	47 (5.9)
1993–1995	49,842 (14.9)	666 (11.5)	531 (13.2)	841 (12.4)	217 (11.8)	175 (10.3)	200 (12.5)	30 (12.8)	33 (12.6)	33 (11)	57 (7.1)
1996–1998	48,811 (14.6)	690 (11.9)	603 (15)	950 (14)	272 (14.7)	241 (14.2)	218 (13.6)	34 (14.5)	26 (9.9)	35 (11.7)	78 (9.8)
1999–2001	47,841 (14.3)	806 (13.9)	529 (13.2)	1,011 (14.9)	325 (8.8)	258 (15.2)	243 (15.2)	34 (14.5)	38 (14.5)	45 (15)	112 (14)
2002–2004	45,914 (13.8)	919 (15.8)	613 (15.3)	1,104 (16.2)	356 (17.7)	254 (15)	226 (14.1)	42 (18)	43 (16.4)	43 (14.3)	150 (18.8)
2005–2007	45,430 (13.6)	1,058 (18.2)	643 (16)	1,068 (15.7)	456 (17.7)	287 (16.9)	237 (14.8)	28 (12)	38 (14.5)	48 (16)	164 (20.5)
2008–2010	43,970 (13.2)	1,045 (18)	576 (14.3)	1,147 (16.9)	553 (22.1)	316 (18.6)	259 (16.2)	46 (19.7)	52 (19.8)	60 (20)	192 (24)
SEER registry region
California	145,799 (43.7)	4,606 (79.2)	1,587 (39.5)	4,722 (69.4)	1,953 (75)	1,166 (68.8)	123 (7.7)	194 (82.9)	197 (74.9)	169 (56.3)	371 (46.4)
Connecticut	25,448 (7.6)	49 (0.8)	<5 (0.1)	32 (0.5)	15 (2.9)	7 (0.4)	<5 (0.1)	6 (2.6)	<5 (1.5)	0 (0)	40 (5)
Atlanta (metro)	10,272 (3.1)	37 (0.6)	9 (0.2)	10 (0.2)	66 (0)	33 (2)	0 (0)	<5 (1.3)	8 (3)	0 (0)	33 (4.1)
Hawaii	2,328 (0.7)	537 (9.2)	2,216 (55.2)	1,409 (20.7)	31 (8.8)	173 (10.2)	1,424 (89.1)	0 (0)	11 (4.2)	101 (33.7)	0 (0)
Iowa	27,327 (8.2)	7 (0.1)	0 (0)	<5 (0.1)	28 (0)	6 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	14 (5.3)	<5 (0.3)	8 (1)
Detroit (metro)	27,835 (8.4)	78 (1.3)	14 (0.4)	41 (0.6)	<5 (0)	19 (1.1)	0 (0)	<5 (0.4)	<5 (1.5)	0 (0)	56 (7)
New Jersey	55,470 (16.6)	253 (4.4)	33 (0.8)	295 (4.3)	36 (0)	161 (9.5)	16 (1)	0 (0)	<5 (0.8)	0 (0)	256 (32)
New Mexico	7,215 (2.2)	12 (0.2)	<5 (0.1)	<5 (0)	7 (0)	<5 (0.1)	<5 (0.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	12 (1.5)
Utah	5,732 (1.7)	19 (0.3)	16 (0.4)	<5 (0)	22 (1.5)	<5 (0.2)	<5 (0.2)	0 (0)	<5 (1.1)	<5 (0.7)	0 (0)
Seattle (Puget Sound)	26,114 (7.8)	219 (3.8)	135 (3.4)	284 (4.2)	172 (11.8)	125 (7.4)	28 (1.8)	30 (12.8)	20 (7.6)	27 (9)	24 (3)
Age at diagnosis, y
<54	30,548 (9.2)	554 (9.5)	242 (6)	731 (10.8)	478 (17.7)	188 (11.1)	254 (15.9)	41 (17.5)	56 (21.3)	59 (19.7)	169 (21.1)
55–64	69,293 (20.8)	988 (17)	557 (13.9)	1,551 (22.8)	561 (35.3)	374 (22.1)	468 (29.3)	49 (20.9)	62 (23.6)	106 (35.3)	195 (24.4)
65–74	116,546 (34.9)	1,914 (32.9)	1,332 (33.2)	2,410 (35.4)	736 (36.8)	571 (33.7)	544 (34)	75 (32.1)	67 (25.5)	96 (32)	245 (30.6)
75–84	94,570 (28.4)	1,791 (30.8)	1,445 (36)	1,668 (24.5)	465 (10.3)	452 (26.7)	292 (18.3)	60 (25.6)	67 (25.5)	36 (12)	158 (19.8)
85+ years	22,583 (6.8)	570 (9.8)	442 (11)	441 (6.5)	94 (0)	110 (6.5)	40 (2.5)	9 (3.9)	11 (4.2)	<5 (1)	33 (4.1)
Tumor histology
Adenocarcinoma	102,584 (30.8)	2,368 (40.7)	1381 (34.4)	2,559 (37.6)	1,036 (0)	549 (32.4)	470 (29.4)	96 (41)	96 (36.5)	100 (33.3)	306 (38.3)
Squamous cell	77,138 (23.1)	976 (16.8)	901 (22.4)	1,454 (21.4)	374 (0)	462 (27.3)	404 (25.3)	44 (18.8)	41 (15.6)	65 (21.7)	158 (19.8)
LC + OSC	26,958 (8.1)	428 (7.4)	271 (6.7)	458 (6.7)	162 (0)	100 (5.9)	98 (6.1)	17 (7.3)	17 (6.5)	25 (8.3)	77 (9.6)
NOS	83,670 (25.1)	1,571 (27)	1037 (25.8)	1,650 (24.3)	569 (0)	367 (21.7)	409 (25.6)	59 (25.2)	72 (27.4)	79 (26.3)	172 (21.5)
Small cell	43,190 (12.9)	474 (8.1)	428 (10.7)	680 (10)	193 (0)	217 (12.8)	217 (13.6)	18 (7.7)	37 (14.1)	31 (10.3)	87 (10.9)
Stage at presentation^a
Localized	47,515 (14.3)	810 (13.9)	594 (14.8)	885 (13)	332 (13.2)	214 (12.6)	229 (14.3)	20 (8.6)	14 (5.3)	27 (9)	116 (14.5)
Regional	69,256 (20.8)	1,241 (21.3)	989 (24.6)	1,474 (21.7)	501 (19.1)	372 (22)	401 (25.1)	45 (19.2)	42 (16)	74 (24.7)	179 (22.4)
Distant	139,635 (41.9)	2,988 (51.4)	1,980 (49.3)	3,553 (52.2)	1,253 (54.4)	830 (49)	832 (52.1)	136 (58.1)	157 (59.7)	166 (55.3)	363 (45.4)
Unstaged	45,447 (13.6)	598 (10.3)	386 (9.6)	693 (10.2)	206 (13.2)	176 (10.4)	128 (8)	29 (12.4)	49 (18.6)	28 (9.3)	66 (8.3)
Missing	31,687 (9.5)	180 (3.1)	69 (1.7)	196 (2.9)	42 (0)	103 (6.1)	8 (0.5)	<5 (1.7)	<5 (0.4)	5 (1.7)	76 (9.5)
Women	289,434	4,030	3,074	3,656	1,179	1,189	1,202	140	113	153	362
	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)
Year of diagnosis
1990–1992	37,200 (12.9)	383 (9.5)	271 (8.8)	284 (7.8)	85 (7.2)	77 (6.5)	116 (9.7)	14 (10)	10 (8.9)	16 (10.5)	19 (5.3)
1993–1995	39,174 (13.5)	402 (10)	356 (11.6)	321 (8.8)	97 (8.2)	93 (7.8)	150 (12.5)	12 (8.6)	7 (6.2)	13 (8.5)	26 (7.2)
1996–1998	41,491 (14.3)	494 (12.3)	422 (13.7)	380 (10.4)	115 (9.8)	144 (12.1)	154 (12.8)	17 (12.1)	15 (13.3)	24 (15.7)	35 (9.7)
1999–2001	42,063 (14.5)	547 (13.6)	422 (13.7)	491 (13.4)	163 (13.8)	175 (14.7)	179 (14.9)	17 (12.1)	29 (25.7)	21 (13.7)	47 (13)
2002–2004	42,864 (14.8)	659 (16.4)	483 (15.7)	607 (16.6)	215 (18.2)	199 (16.7)	200 (16.6)	19 (13.6)	18 (15.9)	20 (13.1)	62 (17.1)
2005–2007	43,823 (15.1)	747 (18.5)	555 (18.1)	707 (19.3)	231 (19.6)	224 (18.8)	212 (17.6)	28 (20)	18 (15.9)	36 (23.5)	84 (23.2)
2008–2010	42,819 (14.8)	798 (19.8)	565 (18.4)	866 (23.7)	273 (23.2)	277 (23.3)	191 (15.9)	33 (23.6)	16 (14.2)	23 (15)	89 (24.6)
SEER registry region
California	131,786 (45.5)	3,211 (79.7)	1,459 (47.5)	2,512 (68.7)	1,005 (85.2)	711 (59.8)	101 (8.4)	117 (83.6)	92 (81.4)	65 (42.5)	189 (52.2)
Connecticut	23,011 (8)	25 (0.6)	16 (0.5)	23 (0.6)	11 (0.9)	13 (1.1)	<5 (0.1)	6 (4.3)	<5 (2.7)	0 (0)	8 (2.2)
Atlanta (metro)	8,611 (3)	25 (0.6)	14 (0.5)	7 (0.2)	21 (1.8)	25 (2.1)	0 (0)	<5 (1.4)	<5 (1.8)	0 (0)	10 (2.8)
Hawaii	1,677 (0.6)	377 (9.4)	1,242 (40.4)	696 (19)	21 (1.8)	177 (14.9)	1,072 (89.2)	0 (0)	<5 (1.8)	60 (39.2)	0 (0)
Iowa	18,775 (6.5)	5 (0.1)	17 (0.6)	9 (0.3)	5 (0.4)	5 (0.4)	<5 (0.2)	0 (0)	<5 (3.5)	0 (0)	<5 (0.6)
Detroit (metro)	23,728 (8.2)	37 (0.9)	18 (0.6)	39 (1.1)	8 (0.7)	16 (1.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	<5 (0.9)	0 (0)	15 (4.1)
New Jersey	49,011 (16.9)	179 (4.4)	60 (2)	200 (5.5)	19 (1.6)	95 (8)	9 (0.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	126 (34.8)
New Mexico	5,638 (2)	6 (0.2)	19 (0.6)	7 (0.2)	<5 (0.3)	5 (0.4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	<5 (0.9)	0 (0)	<5 (0.3)
Utah	3,748 (1.3)	10 (0.3)	20 (0.7)	<5 (0.1)	<5 (0.3)	<5 (0.3)	<5 (0.2)	<5 (0.7)	<5 (0.9)	<5 (2.6)	0 (0)
Seattle (Puget Sound)	23,449 (8.1)	155 (3.9)	209 (6.8)	159 (4.4)	82 (7)	139 (11.7)	15 (1.3)	14 (10)	7 (6.2)	24 (15.7)	11 (3)
Age at diagnosis, y
<54	28,034 (9.7)	564 (14)	177 (5.8)	613 (16.8)	242 (20.5)	195 (16.4)	174 (14.5)	37 (26.4)	25 (22.1)	43 (28.1)	78 (21.6)
55–64	56,041 (19.4)	632 (15.7)	512 (16.7)	777 (21.3)	273 (23.2)	260 (21.9)	335 (27.9)	35 (25)	32 (28.3)	40 (26.1)	85 (23.5)
65–74	95,962 (33.2)	1,154 (28.6)	1,090 (35.5)	1,140 (31.2)	309 (26.2)	355 (29.9)	418 (34.8)	32 (22.9)	24 (21.2)	38 (24.8)	102 (28.2)
75–84	85,157 (29.4)	1,173 (29.1)	982 (32)	875 (23.9)	270 (22.9)	268 (22.5)	215 (17.9)	28 (20)	23 (20.4)	27 (17.7)	83 (22.9)
85+ years	24,240 (8.4)	507 (12.6)	313 (10.2)	251 (6.9)	85 (7.2)	111 (9.3)	60 (5)	8 (5.7)	9 (8)	5 (3.3)	14 (3.9)
Tumor histology
Adenocarcinoma	104,947 (36.3)	2,378 (59)	1,383 (45)	2,249 (61.5)	734 (62.3)	567 (47.7)	424 (35.3)	86 (61.4)	61 (54)	71 (46.4)	204 (56.4)
Squamous cell	43,056 (14.9)	283 (7)	434 (14.1)	278 (7.6)	81 (6.9)	150 (12.6)	191 (15.9)	13 (9.3)	11 (9.7)	13 (8.5)	33 (9.1)
LC + OSC	24,401 (8.4)	259 (6.4)	172 (5.6)	216 (5.9)	65 (5.5)	58 (4.9)	74 (6.2)	8 (5.7)	7 (6.2)	9 (5.9)	36 (9.9)
NOS	74,526 (25.7)	967 (24)	755 (24.6)	735 (20.1)	249 (21.1)	296 (24.9)	301 (25)	27 (19.3)	29 (25.7)	47 (30.7)	79 (21.8)
Small cell	42,504 (14.7)	143 (3.5)	330 (10.7)	178 (4.9)	50 (4.2)	118 (9.9)	212 (17.6)	6 (4.3)	5 (4.4)	13 (8.5)	10 (2.8)
Stage at presentation^a
Localized	50,684 (17.5)	597 (14.8)	539 (17.5)	607 (16.6)	160 (13.6)	185 (15.6)	191 (15.9)	18 (12.9)	11 (9.7)	13 (8.5)	58 (16)
Regional	58,433 (20.2)	733 (18.2)	690 (22.5)	685 (18.7)	174 (14.8)	231 (19.4)	308 (25.6)	24 (17.1)	17 (15)	23 (15)	64 (17.7)
Distant	115,689 (40)	2,194 (54.4)	1,533 (49.9)	1,957 (53.5)	695 (59)	613 (51.6)	619 (51.5)	76 (54.3)	66 (58.4)	101 (66)	173 (47.8)
Unstaged	39,944 (13.8)	407 (10.1)	258 (8.4)	312 (8.5)	130 (11)	120 (10.1)	79 (6.6)	16 (11.4)	18 (15.9)	14 (9.2)	35 (9.7)
Missing	24,684 (8.5)	99 (2.5)	54 (1.8)	95 (2.6)	20 (1.7)	40 (3.4)	5 (0.4)	6 (4.3)	<5 (0.9)	<5 (1.3)	32 (8.8)

↵^aCounts less than five cases are suppressed for privacy consideration.

Table 3.

Male trends of lung cancer incidence rates and APC by race/ethnicity and histologic cell type, 1990–2010, United States

SCLC				Adenocarcinoma			SCC			LC and OSC			Unspecified
NHW
	1990–2010	−3.3^a	(−3.5 to −3.1)	1990–1998	−0.2	(−0.7 to 0.4)	1990–1995	−5.1^a	(−5.8 to −4.3)	1990–1999	−4.1^a	(−4.8 to −3.5)	1990–1997	0.3	(−0.5 to 1.2)
				1998–2004	−2.9^a	(−4 to −1.7)	1995–1999	−2.6^a	(−4.5 to −0.7)	1999–2002	−10.3^a	(−18 to −2.4)	1997–2003	3.5^a	(2.2 to 4.8)
				2004–2010	1.5^a	(0.7 to 2.4)	1999–2004	−5.4^a	(−6.7 to −4.2)	2002–2010	−3.5^a	(−4.5 to −2.5)	2003–2008	−4.0^a	(−5.7 to −2.3)
							2004–2010	1.0^a	(0.3 to 1.7)				2008–2010	−17^a	(−22 to −11)
Chinese
	1990–2010	−2.7^a	(−4.1 to −1.3)	1990–1996	−5.5^a	(−11 to −0.1)	1990–2001	−6.8^a	(−9 to −4.6)	1990–2010	−5.7^a	(−7.1 to −4.4)	1990–2007	1.8	(0 to 3.6)
				1996–2010	1.3^a	(0 to 2.5)	2001–2010	−1.4	(−4.3 to 1.5)				2007–2010	−18	(−34 to 3.0)
Filipino
	1990–2010	−3.3^a	(−4.4 to −2.1)	1990–2010	0.3	(−0.4 to 1.0)	1990–2010	−2.5^a	(−3.5 to −1.6)	1990–2010	−5.3^a	(−7.2 to −3.3)	1990–2000	7.5^a	(3.9 to 11.4)
													2000–2010	−4.2^a	(−6.7 to −1.6)
Japanese
	1990–2010	−0.7	(−2.4 to 1.1)	1990–2010	0.1	(−0.9 to 1.1)	1990–2010	−1.2	(−2.4 to 0.1)	1990–2010^b	−4.4^a	(−6.1 to −2.7)	1990–2006	3.7^a	(1.8 to 5.5)
													2006–2010	−8.3	(−19 to 3.7)
Korean
	1990–2010^b	−3.2	(−6.5 to 0.3)	1990–2010^b	−1.1	(−2.6 to 0.5)	1990–2010	−4.8^a	(−6.7 to −2.8)	1990–2010^c	−3.4	(−19 to 15)	1990–2010	−3.0^a	(−4.7 to −1.2)
Vietnamese
	1990–2010^b	−3.9^a	(−6.5 to −1.2)	1990–2006	−1.4	(−3.7 to 1.0)	1990–2010^b	−4.3^a	(−7.9 to −0.7)	1990–2010^b	−7.3^a	(−10 to −4.4)	1990–2010^b	−0.7	(−4.7 to 3.4)
				2006–2010	11	(−1.5 to 24.2)
Native Hawaiian
	1990–2010^b	−4.3^a	(−6.7 to −1.9)	1990–2010	0.1	(−1.0 to 1.3)	1990–2010	−3.9^a	(−5.8 to −2.0)	1990–2010^c	−7.5	(−18 to 3.8)	1990–2003	2.2	(−1.1 to 5.6)
													2003–2010	−8.8^a	(−15 to −2.1)
Laotian
				1990–2010^c	1.5	(−4.7 to 8.1)
Kampuchean
				1990–2010^c	−0.7	(−11 to 11)							1990–2010^c	−2.7	(−13 to 9.2)
Samoan
				1990–2010^c	−1.1	(−7.4 to 5.5)	1990–2010^c	−0.1	(−6.5 to 6.6)				1990–2010^c	−0.1	(−7.3 to 7.7)
Asian Indian/Pakistani
	1990–2010^c	−0.2	(−5.7 to 5.6)	1990–2010^b	2.2	(−0.2 to 4.7)	1990–2010^c	−1.9	(−8.7 to 5.3)	1990–2010^c	−5.4	(−21 to 13)	1990–2010^c	0.1	(−5.0 to 5.4)

↵^aThe 95% CI for the APC does not include zero (P < 0.05).
↵^bJoinpoint and observed rates are based on 2-year groups.
↵^cJoinpoint and observed rates are based on 5-year groups.

Table 4.

Female trends of lung cancer incidence rates and APC by race/ethnicity and histologic cell type, 1990–2010, United States

SCLC				Adenocarcinoma			SCC			LC and OSC			Unspecified
NHW
	1990–2010	−1.9^a	(−2.1 to −1.7)	1990–1998	1.5^a	(1 to 2.1)	1990–1996	0	(−1.2 to 1.2)	1990–1997	−1	(−2 to 0)	1990–2002	4.4^a	(4 to 4.8)
				1998–2004	−0.7	(−1.7 to 0.4)	1996–2004	−2.5^a	(−3.5 to −1.6)	1997–2003	−5.2^a	(−6.9 to −3.4)	2002–2005	2.0	(−3.0 to 7.2)
				2004–2010	2.3^a	(1.5 to 3.1)	2004–2010	2.2^a	(0.9 to 3.4)	2003–2010	−0.8	(−2 to 0.3)	2005–2008	−5.4^a	(−10 to −0.5)
													2008–2010	−15.6^a	(−20 to −10)
Chinese
	1990–2008^b	−5.8^a	(−7.8 to −3.8)	1990–2010	0.3	(−0.4 to 1.1)	1990–2008^b	−4.3^a	(−6.8 to −1.8)	1990–2008^b	−5.5^a	(−8.2 to −2.7)	1990–2006	2.2	(−0.2 to 4.6)
													2006–2010	−13.1	(−24.7 to 0.2)
Filipino
	1990–2008^b	−2.0	(−4.2 to 0.2)	1990–2010	2.6^a	(1.7 to 3.5)	1990–2008^b	−3.8^a	(−5.8 to −1.8)	1990–2008^b	−1.9^a	(−3.5 to −0.3)	1990–2005	4.0^a	(1.7 to 6.3)
													2005–2010	−5.1	(−11.9 to 2.3)
Japanese
	1990–2010	0.9	(−1 to 2.9)	1990–2010	1.0	(−0.1 to 2)	1990–2010	2.4^a	(0.7 to 4.2)	1990–2010^b	−1.4	(−4.5 to 1.9)	1990–2005	6.6^a	(4.2 to 9)
													2005–2010	−8.2	(−16 to 0.1)
Korean
	1990–2010^c	−4.7	(−13 to 4.3)	1990–2010^b	3.0^a	(1.6 to 4.4)	1990–2010^c	−2.8^a	(−3.7 to −1.9)				1990–2010^c	1.8	(−5.7 to 10)
Vietnamese
	1990–2010^c	−8.7^a	(−11 to −6.4)	1990–2010	0.5	(−1.1 to 2.1)	1990–2010^c	−7.3^a	(−12 to −2.3)	1990–2010^c	−6.8^a	(−11 to −2)	1990–2004^b	3.5	(−2.8 to 10)
													2004–2010	−18	(−40.7 to 13)
Native Hawaiian
	1990–2010^b	−1.8	(−3.7 to 0.1)	1990–2010	−1.7^a	(−3.1 to −0.2)	1990–2002^b	1.9	(−2.9 to 7.1)	1990–2010^c	−3.0	(−16 to 12)	1990–2007	−0.3	(−2.9 to 2.5)
							2002–2010	−10	(−20 to 1.2)				2007–2010	−29.2	(−52 to 4.2)
Kampuchean
				1990–2010^c	−0.2	(−5.9 to 5.8)
Samoan
				1990–2010^c	−0.5	(−13 to 14)
Asian Indian/Pakistani
				1990–2010^c	−0.4	(−8.6, to 8.5)

↵^aThe 95% CI for the APC does not include zero (P < 0.05).
↵^bJoinpoint and observed rates are based on 2-year groups.
↵^cJoinpoint and observed rates are based on 5-year groups.

Additional Files

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Supplementary Data

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Supplemental Table 1 - Supplemental Table 1. Geographic areas included in cancer incidence rates for each Asian American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander ethnic group, 1990-2008.