The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; 2Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; 3Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 4Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; 5Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles; 6Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 8Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 9Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; 10Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; 11Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 12Applied Research Program, 13Community Oncology and Prevention Trials Research Group, 14Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 15Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and 16Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada