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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Research Articles

Rotating Night Shift Work and Mammographic Density

Beata Peplonska, Agnieszka Bukowska, Wojciech Sobala, Edyta Reszka, Jolanta Gromadzinska, Wojciech Wasowicz, Jenny Anne Lie, Helge Kjuus and Giske Ursin
Beata Peplonska
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Agnieszka Bukowska
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Wojciech Sobala
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Edyta Reszka
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Jolanta Gromadzinska
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Wojciech Wasowicz
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Jenny Anne Lie
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Helge Kjuus
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Giske Ursin
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0005 Published July 2012
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  • Table 1.

    Selected characteristics of the nurses and midwives with screening mammography in the cross-sectional study

    Total population (n = 640)Rotating nights (n = 321)Day shifts (n = 319)
    Characteristicsn (%)Mean (SD)n (%)Mean (SD)n (%)Mean (SD)
    Age,a y49.0 (5.4)48.1 (5.2)50.0 (5.4)
    Menopausal status
     Pre368 (57.5)206 (64.0)162 (51.0)
     Post272 (42.5)115 (36.0)157 (49.0)
    Age at menopause (in postmenopausal),b y49.3 (3.9)48.8 (3.9)49.6 (4.1)
    Age at menarche,b y13.2 (1.5)13.3 (1.4)13.0 (1.6)
    Number of full-term births
     076 (11.9)39 (12.1)37 (11.6)
     1215 (33.6)101 (31.5)114 (35.7)
     2313 (48.9)156 (48.6)157 (49.2)
     3–436 (5.6)25 (7.8)11 (3.5)
    Age at first full-term birth (≥37 wk), y
     ≤24319 (56.6)159 (56.4)160 (56.7)
     >24–<30188 (33.3)91 (32.3)97 (34.4)
     ≥3057 (10.1)32 (11.3)25 (8.9)
    Family history of breast cancerb
     No587 (91.7)292 (91.0)295 (92.5)
     Yes51 (8.0)27 (8.4)24 (7.5)
    BMI, kg/m227.2 (4.7)27.1 (4.7)27.2 (4.7)
    Smoking
     Current188 (29.4)106 (33.0)82 (25.7)
     Past173 (27.0)77 (24.0)96 (30.1)
     Nonsmokers279 (43.6)138 (43.0)141 (44.2)
    Ever oral contraceptives or sex hormones use
     Yes153 (23.9)74 (23.0)79 (24.8)
     No487 (76.1)247 (77.0)240 (75.2)
    Calendar season of mammography
     Summer135 (21.1)63 (19.6)72 (22.6)
     Autumn251 (39.2)129 (40.2)122 (38.2)
     Winter101 (15.8)47 (14.6)54 (16.9)
     Spring153 (23.9)82 (25.6)71 (22.3)
    Total duration of the night shift work,a y
     ≤577 (12.0)3 (0.9)74 (23.2)
     >5–≤15163 (25.5)26 (8.1)137 (43.0)
     >15–≤25234 (36.6)145 (45.2)89 (27.9)
     >25166 (25.9)147 (45.8)19 (5.9)
    Arithmetic mean − percentage of mammographic density (SD)23.2 (20.0)24.5 (20.4)22.0 (19.6)
    Arithmetic mean − absolute area dense, cm2 (SD)28.1 (26.9)30.0 (28.4)26.2 (25.2)
    • ↵aP < 0.05 for the difference in means between the current rotating night shift nurses and non-shift nurses.

    • ↵bMissing information for age at menopause in one person with rotating night shifts and one person on day shift; age at menarche, one night shift and two day shifts; family history was missing on 2 nurses working rotating night shifts.

  • Table 2.

    Percentage and absolute mammographic density by selected characteristics of the rotating night shift work

    Night shift work characteristicsnPercentage of mammographic density Adjusteda mean (95%CI)Absolute density, cm2 Adjusteda mean (95%CI)
    Current rotating night shift
     No31922.5 (20.8–24.3)21.8 (19.4–24.3)
     Yes32123.6 (21.9–25.4)23.9 (21.4–26.4)
     P0.620.25
    Total duration of night shift work, y
     ≤56422.5 (18.8–26.1)23.3 (17.8–28.8)
     >5–≤1516524.5 (22.1–27.0)23.8 (20.3–27.2)
     >15–≤2520621.5 (19.4–23.7)21.9 (18.8–24.9)
     >2520523.7 (21.4–26.0)23.1 (20.0–26.2)
     Ptrend0.930.78
    Total number of hours of night shift work by tertilesb
     I21424.0 (21.8–26.1)23.8 (20.7–26.9)
     II21422.3 (20.2–24.5)22.5 (19.5–25.5)
     III21223.0 (20.7–25.2)22.3 (19.3–25.4)
     Ptrend0.490.49
    Cumulative number of night shifts
     ≤99918523.8 (21.5–26.1)23.6 (20.3–26.9)
     1,000–1,99922522.5 (20.5–24.6)22.9 (19.9–25.8)
     2,000+23023.1 (20.9–25.2)22.3 (19.4–25.2)
     Ptrend0.660.56
    Average frequency (weighted by duration); no. of night shifts/mo
     ≤221424.2 (22.0–26.3)24.4 (21.3–27.5)
     >2–≤3.921322.3 (20.3–24.4)22.8 (19.8–25.8)
     >3.921322.7 (20.6–24.8)21.5 (18.6–24.4)
     Ptrend0.330.18
    Total duration of reported exposure to surgical lamp, y
     Day shifts (reference)55023.3 (21.9–24.6)23.0 (21.1–24.9)
     >0–≤103921.3 (16.8–25.9)21.1 (14.3–27.8)
     >105122.7 (18.4–26.9)23.2 (17.1–29.4)
     Ptrend0.610.92
    • ↵aAdjustment for age, BMI, menopausal status, age at menopause, age at menarche, smoking, and season of the year.

    • ↵bI tertile, ≤13,056 hours; II tertile, >13,056 to ≤24,304 hours; and III tertile, >24,304 hours.

  • Table 3.

    Percentage of mammographic density and absolute density by selected characteristics of the rotating night shift work

    Current rotating night shift work characteristicsnPercentage of density Adjusteda mean (95%CI)Absolute density, cm2 Adjusteda mean (95%CI)
    Current night shift work frequency per month
     Day shifts (reference)31922.5 (20.8–24.3)21.8 (19.4–24.3)
     2–7 nights28523.6 (21.8–25.5)23.9 (21.2–26.5)
     8+ nights3623.7 (18.4–29.0)24.2 (16.7–31.7)
     P0.400.27
    Night shifts working hours,c h
     Day shifts (reference)31922.5 (20.7–24.2)21.8 (19.4–24.2)
     <108423.2 (19.9–26.5)22.7 (18.0–27.4)
     ≥10–1423023.8 (21.7–25.9)24.3 (21.3–27.3)
     P0.340.20
    Light at workc
     Day shifts (reference)31922.5 (20.7–24.2)21.8 (19.4–24.2)
     Dim13923.0 (20.4–25.6)23.0 (19.3–26.7)
     Full light14024.4 (21.8–27.1)25.1 (21.2–28.9)
     Surgical lamp3522.8 (17.7–28.0)22.8 (15.3–30.2)
     Ptrend0.340.24
    Activities at work during the night shiftc
     Day shifts (reference)31922.5 (20.7–24.2)21.8 (19.4–24.2)
     1b2326.8 (19.9–33.7)25.4 (15.9–35.0)
     1 and 2 or 222123.1 (21.1–25.2)23.3 (20.4–26.3)
     Any combination with 37024.1 (20.4–27.8)25.1 (19.6–30.6)
     Ptrend0.430.24
    • ↵aAdjustment for age, BMI, menopausal status, age at menopause, age at menarche, smoking, and season of the year.

    • ↵bCategories of the activities: 1, taking care of patients, injections, administering pills; 2, small interventions; and 3, assistance in operations (deliveries).

    • ↵cMissing information for 7 women.

  • Table 4.

    Percentage and absolute mammographic density by morning MT6s levels

    Morning MT6sb
    Q1 (n = 160)Q2 (n = 160)Q3 (n = 160)Q4 (n = 160)P
    Percent mammographic density [adjusteda mean (95%CI)]22.6 (20.1–25.1)23.1 (20.7–25.6)23.2 (20.8–25.5)23.4 (21.0–25.9)0.65
    Absolute density [adjusteda mean (95%CI)]21.8 (18.3–25.2)22.8 (19.3–26.2)23.0 (19.6–26.4)23.9 (20.3–27.4)0.42
    • ↵aAdjustment for age, BMI, menopausal status, age at menopause, age at menarche, smoking, and season of the year when mammography was conducted.

    • ↵bQuartile ranges: Q1, ≤25.04 ng/mgCr; Q2, >25.04 to ≤42.42 ng/mgCr; Q3, >42.42 to ≤67.52 ng/mgCr; and Q4, >67.52 ng/mgCr.

Additional Files

  • Tables
  • Supplementary Data

    Files in this Data Supplement:

    • Supplementary Tables 1 - 3 - PDF file, 86KB, Supplemental table 1. Percent mammographic density and absolute density by selected characteristics of rotating night shift work by menopausal status. Supplemental table 2. Percent mammographic density and absolute density by selected characteristics of current rotating night shift work by menopausal status. Supplemental table 3. Adjusted means of percent density and absolute density according to the quartiles of urinary MT6s levels.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 21 (7)
July 2012
Volume 21, Issue 7
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Rotating Night Shift Work and Mammographic Density
Beata Peplonska, Agnieszka Bukowska, Wojciech Sobala, Edyta Reszka, Jolanta Gromadzinska, Wojciech Wasowicz, Jenny Anne Lie, Helge Kjuus and Giske Ursin
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev July 1 2012 (21) (7) 1028-1037; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0005

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Rotating Night Shift Work and Mammographic Density
Beata Peplonska, Agnieszka Bukowska, Wojciech Sobala, Edyta Reszka, Jolanta Gromadzinska, Wojciech Wasowicz, Jenny Anne Lie, Helge Kjuus and Giske Ursin
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev July 1 2012 (21) (7) 1028-1037; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0005
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