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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention

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Research Articles

Meat and Heme Iron Intake and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Annika Steffen, Manuela M. Bergmann, María-José Sánchez, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque, Paula Jakszyn, Pilar Amiano, J. Ramón Quirós, Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea, Pietro Ferrari, Isabelle Romieu, Veronika Fedirko, H. B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita, Peter D. Siersema, Petra H.M. Peeters, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick Wareham, Naomi E. Allen, Francesca L. Crowe, Guri Skeie, Göran Hallmanns, Ingegerd Johansson, Signe Borgquist, Ulrika Ericson, Rikke Egeberg, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Verena Grote, Kuanrong Li, Antonia Trichopoulou, Despoina Oikonomidou, Menelaos Pantzalis, Rosario Tumino, Salvatore Panico, Domenico Palli, Vittorio Krogh, Alessio Naccarati, Traci Mouw, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, Teresa Norat and Heiner Boeing
Annika Steffen
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Manuela M. Bergmann
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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María-José Sánchez
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Maria-Dolores Chirlaque
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Paula Jakszyn
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pilar Amiano
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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J. Ramón Quirós
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pietro Ferrari
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Isabelle Romieu
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Veronika Fedirko
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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H. B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Peter D. Siersema
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Petra H.M. Peeters
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kay-Tee Khaw
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Nick Wareham
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Naomi E. Allen
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Francesca L. Crowe
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Guri Skeie
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Göran Hallmanns
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ingegerd Johansson
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Signe Borgquist
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Ulrika Ericson
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Rikke Egeberg
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Anne Tjønneland
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kim Overvad
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Verena Grote
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Kuanrong Li
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Antonia Trichopoulou
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United KingdomAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Despoina Oikonomidou
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Menelaos Pantzalis
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Rosario Tumino
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Salvatore Panico
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Domenico Palli
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Vittorio Krogh
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Alessio Naccarati
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Traci Mouw
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Anne-Claire Vergnaud
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Teresa Norat
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Heiner Boeing
Authors' Affiliations: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain; Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-Idibell), Barcelona, Spain; Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, Department of Health of the regional Government of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, Spain; Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain; Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge; MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease, Genetic Epidemiology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School; Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens Greece; Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civile - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy; Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy; Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; HuGeF - Human Genetics Foundation - Torino, Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Torino, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0835 Published December 2012
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Abstract

Background: Evidence from prospective studies on intake of meat and fish and risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) is scarce. We prospectively investigated the association of meat and fish intake with risk of SCC of the UADT and the possible mechanism via heme iron in the large multicenter European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

Methods: Multivariable proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) of SCC of the UADT in relation to intake of total meat, as well as subtypes of meat, fish, and heme iron among 348,738 individuals from 7 European countries.

Results: During an average follow-up of 11.8 years, a total of 682 incident cases of UADT SCC were accrued. Intake of processed meat was positively associated with risk of SCC of the UADT in the total cohort [highest vs. lowest quintile: RR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.94], however, in stratified analyses, this association was confined to the group of current smokers (highest vs. lowest quintile: RR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.22–2.93). Red meat, poultry, fish, and heme iron were not consistently related to UADT SCC.

Conclusion: Higher intake of processed meat was positively associated with SCC of the UADT among smokers. Although this finding was stable in various sensitivity analyses, we cannot rule out residual confounding by smoking. Confirmation in future studies and identification of biologic mechanisms is warranted.

Impact: Smokers may further increase their risk for SCC of the UADT if they additionally consume large amounts of processed meat. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2138–48. ©2012 AACR.

This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, p. 2123

  • Received July 17, 2012.
  • Revision received September 20, 2012.
  • Accepted September 24, 2012.
  • ©2012 American Association for Cancer Research.

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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 21 (12)
December 2012
Volume 21, Issue 12
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Meat and Heme Iron Intake and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Annika Steffen, Manuela M. Bergmann, María-José Sánchez, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque, Paula Jakszyn, Pilar Amiano, J. Ramón Quirós, Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea, Pietro Ferrari, Isabelle Romieu, Veronika Fedirko, H. B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita, Peter D. Siersema, Petra H.M. Peeters, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick Wareham, Naomi E. Allen, Francesca L. Crowe, Guri Skeie, Göran Hallmanns, Ingegerd Johansson, Signe Borgquist, Ulrika Ericson, Rikke Egeberg, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Verena Grote, Kuanrong Li, Antonia Trichopoulou, Despoina Oikonomidou, Menelaos Pantzalis, Rosario Tumino, Salvatore Panico, Domenico Palli, Vittorio Krogh, Alessio Naccarati, Traci Mouw, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, Teresa Norat and Heiner Boeing
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev December 1 2012 (21) (12) 2138-2148; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0835

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Meat and Heme Iron Intake and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Annika Steffen, Manuela M. Bergmann, María-José Sánchez, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque, Paula Jakszyn, Pilar Amiano, J. Ramón Quirós, Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea, Pietro Ferrari, Isabelle Romieu, Veronika Fedirko, H. B(as). Bueno-de-Mesquita, Peter D. Siersema, Petra H.M. Peeters, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick Wareham, Naomi E. Allen, Francesca L. Crowe, Guri Skeie, Göran Hallmanns, Ingegerd Johansson, Signe Borgquist, Ulrika Ericson, Rikke Egeberg, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Verena Grote, Kuanrong Li, Antonia Trichopoulou, Despoina Oikonomidou, Menelaos Pantzalis, Rosario Tumino, Salvatore Panico, Domenico Palli, Vittorio Krogh, Alessio Naccarati, Traci Mouw, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, Teresa Norat and Heiner Boeing
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev December 1 2012 (21) (12) 2138-2148; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0835
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