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Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
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Estimation of Nicotine Dose after Low-level Exposure Using Plasma and Urine Nicotine Metabolites

Neal L. Benowitz, Katherine M. Dains, Delia Dempsey, Lisa Yu and Peyton Jacob III
Neal L. Benowitz
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Katherine M. Dains
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Delia Dempsey
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Lisa Yu
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Peyton Jacob III
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DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1303 Published May 2010
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Abstract

Background: We sought to determine the optimal plasma and urine nicotine metabolites, alone or in combination, to estimate the systemic dose of nicotine after low-level exposure.

Methods: We dosed 36 nonsmokers with 100, 200, or 400 μg p.o. of deuterium-labeled nicotine (doses similar to exposure to secondhand smoke) daily for 5 days and then measured plasma and urine nicotine metabolites at various intervals over 24 hours.

Results: The strongest correlations with nicotine dose were seen for the sum of four (cotinine + cotinine-glucuronide + trans-3′-hydroxycotinine + 3HC-glucuronide) or six (including also nicotine + nicotine-glucuronide) of the major nicotine metabolites in 24-hour urine collection (r = 0.96), with lesser correlations for these metabolites using spot urines corrected for creatinine at various times of day (r = 0.72-0.80). The sum of plasma cotinine + trans-3′-hydroxycotine was more highly correlated with nicotine dose than plasma cotinine alone (r = 0.82 versus 0.75).

Conclusions: Our results provide guidance for the selection of biomarkers to estimate the dose of nicotine taken in low-level (secondhand smoke) tobacco exposure.

Impact: This is probably relevant to active smoking as well. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1160–6. ©2010 AACR.

Footnotes

    • Received December 23, 2009.
    • Revision received February 3, 2010.
    • Accepted February 16, 2010.
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Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention: 19 (5)
May 2010
Volume 19, Issue 5
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Estimation of Nicotine Dose after Low-level Exposure Using Plasma and Urine Nicotine Metabolites
Neal L. Benowitz, Katherine M. Dains, Delia Dempsey, Lisa Yu and Peyton Jacob III
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev May 1 2010 (19) (5) 1160-1166; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1303

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Estimation of Nicotine Dose after Low-level Exposure Using Plasma and Urine Nicotine Metabolites
Neal L. Benowitz, Katherine M. Dains, Delia Dempsey, Lisa Yu and Peyton Jacob III
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev May 1 2010 (19) (5) 1160-1166; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1303
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