Reproducibility of Plasma, Red Blood Cell, and Urine Biomarkers among Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women from the Nurses' Health Studies

Joanne Kotsopoulos; Shelley S. Tworoger; Hannia Campos; Fung-Lung Chung; Charles V. Clevenger; Adrian A. Franke; Christos S. Mantzoros; Vincent Ricchiuti; Walter C. Willett; Susan E. Hankinson; A. Heather Eliassen

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1318

DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1318 Published April 2010

Article Figures & Data

Tables

Additional Files

Table 1.

ICCs over 2 to 3 y for dietary biomarkers, among postmenopausal women in the NHS

Analyte	No. of participants/number of time points	CV^* (%)	Median (5th-95th percentile)	Within-person CV (%)	Between-person CV (%)	ICC (95% CI)
Carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, plasma (μg/L)
Lutein/zeaxanthin	40/2	4.8	228 (102–428)	19.4	38.9	0.80 (0.66–0.89)
β-Cryptptoxanthin	40/2	4.2	93.3 (42.4–231.5)	17.9	48.5	0.88 (0.79–0.93)
Total lycopene	40/2	4.7	414 (195–691)	21.7	37.3	0.74 (0.58–0.86)
α-Carotene	40/2	8.2	69.6 (28.5–233)	34.9	58.7	0.73 (0.57–0.85)
Total β-carotene	40/2	4.7	288 (86.9–711)	32.9	54.7	0.73 (0.56–0.85)
Total carotenoids^†	40/2	4.4	1,098 (511–2,077)	18.5	38.6	0.81 (0.68–0.89)
Retinol	40/2	4.9	571 (402–798)	9.6	18.9	0.79 (0.65–0.88)
γ-Tocopherol	40/2	6.4	2,295 (398–4,328)	24.6	66.0	0.88 (0.78–0.93)
α-Tocopherol	40/2	5.9	11,535 (7,336–22,844)	13.2	29.8	0.83 (0.72–0.91)
Fatty acids, red blood cell (% of total fatty acids)
Saturated	40/2	4.2^‡	35.6 (30.5–38.3)	5.3	4.2	0.38 (0.17–0.65)
Monounsaturated	40/2	5.8	15.4 (13.2–16.6)	5.0	5.3	0.52 (0.30–0.73)
Polyunsaturated-Ω-3	40/2	5.1	4.9 (3.7–6.6)	10.5	15.3	0.68 (0.49–0.82)
Polyunsaturated-Ω-6	40/2	3.2	28.1 (24.9–30.0)	5.0	4.1	0.39 (0.17–0.66)
Trans	40/2	10.4	0.99 (0.76–1.64)	12.1	19.7	0.72 (0.55–0.84)
Vitamin D, plasma
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL)	71/3	10.3	33.3 (16.6–51.8)	18.4	29.6	0.72 (0.62–0.80)
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (pg/mL)	71/3	18.3	35.7 (21.0–61.0)	20.7	23.5	0.56 (0.43–0.68)
Phytoestrogens, plasma (nmol/L)
Daidzein	40/2	3.6	4.05 (0.25–76.2)	123.8	0.0	0.00
Genistein	40/2	5.7	2.70 (0.40–50.5)	143.4	31.1	0.03 (0.00–1.00)
Equol	40/2	37.7	0.60 (0.00–1.40)	53.5	0.0	0.00
Enterolactone	40/2	4.1	12.3 (3.10–47.0)	61.2	54.9	0.44 (0.22–0.68)
Phytoestrogens, urine (nmol/mg creatinine)
Daidzein	45/2	12.3	0.23 (0.04–2.43)	128.1	0.0	0.00
Genistein	45/2	10.6	0.11 (0.01–1.12)	131.0	24.5	0.02 (0.00–1.00)
Equol	45/2	5.4	0.04 (0.01–0.29)	8.9	3.0	0.09 (0.00–0.77)
Enterolactone	45/2	5.2	1.44 (0.06–7.07)	95.3	100.0	0.52 (0.31–0.72)
Isothiocyanates, urine (jm/mg creatinine)	45/2	9.8	0.02 (0.00–0.12)	6.7	3.2	0.18 (0.03–0.60)

↵*CV, CV from blinded quality control replicates.
↵^†Total carotenoids, α-carotene + total β-carotene + total lycopene + lutein/zeaxanthin + β-cryptptoxanthin.
↵^‡CVs for the individual factors were <20% except for decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, 9c-tetradecenoic acid, 10c-heptadecenoic acid, 8c-eicosenoic acid, 9t-tetadecenoic acid, 9t,12t-octadecadienoic acid, and 9t,12c-octadecadienoic acid, which had CVs of ≥20.

Table 2.

ICCs over 2 to 3 y for stress hormones among premenopausal women in the NHSII

Analyte	No. of participants/number of time points	CV (%)	Median (5th-95th percentile)	Within-person CV	Between-person CV	ICC (95% CI)
Catecholamines, urine (μg/g creatinine)
Norepinephrine	38/3	2.4	24 (11–51)	35.7	28.8	0.38 (0.19–0.62)
Dopamine	38/3	3.1	192 (113–255)	18.2	16.8	0.45 (0.27–0.64)
Free cortisol, urine (μg/g creatinine)	38/3	4.5	17.8 (4.1–84.3)	80.6	47.3	0.25 (0.09–0.51)
Free cortisol, plasma (μg/dl)
Follicular	38/2	12.8	0.96 (0.30–2.39)	60.9	12.0	0.02 (0.00–1.00)
Luteal	38/2	10.2	0.99 (0.24–2.50)	68.9	0.0	0.00
Average	38/2	11.5	1.02 (0.54–2.10)	43.4	14.5	0.09 (0.00–0.91)
Total cortisol, plasma (μg/dl)
Follicular	38/2	9.1	14.0 (7.00–24.0)	34.2	20.4	0.25 (0.06–0.62)
Luteal	38/2	7.1	15.0 (7.00–24.0)	32.3	26.0	0.38 (0.16–0.66)
Average	38/2	8.1	14.5 (8.50–23.0)	24.9	21.0	0.41 (0.18–0.67)

Table 3.

ICCs over 2 to 3 y for other cancer-related biomarkers among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in the NHS and NHSII

Analyte	No. of participants/number of time points	CV (%)	Median (5th-95th percentile)	Within-person CV	Between-person CV	ICC (95% CI)
Postmenopausal
MMPs, plasma (ng/mL)
MMP1	40/2	10.5	1.42 (0.28–5.24)	26.4	85.5	0.91 (0.84–0.95)
MMP2	40/2	17.8	158 (119–204)	9.8	15.0	0.69 (0.51–0.83)
MMP3	40/2	10.4	8.67 (5.56–16.3)	25.9	27.7	0.52 (0.31–0.73)
MMP7	40/2	17.5	2.04 (1.28–4.33)	17.3	33.0	0.78 (0.62–0.88)
MMP9	40/2	13.8	72.3 (30.8–286)	62.4	18.3	0.07 (0.00–0.91)
BSL, plasma (ng/mL)	68/3	24.9	8.30 (3.00–27.2)	39.0	50.8	0.62 (0.50–0.73)
Soluble leptin receptor, plasma (ng/mL)	35/2	7.4	4.33 (3.74–4.69)	12.0	26.0	0.82 (0.68–0.90)
Resistin, plasma (ng/mL)	35/2	12.0	2.34 (1.85–3.14)	18.5	32.0	0.74 (0.57–0.86)
Melatonin, plasma (pg/mL)	40/2	11.5	4.46 (1.85–52.09)	57.9	77.4	0.63 (0.44–0.79)
Premenopausal
Melatonin, plasma (pg/mL)	40/2	6.9	7.19 (0.17–85.3)	88.2	80.0	0.44 (0.22–0.68)